Department of Community Health and Primary Care

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    Open Access
    A BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF FOOD SAFETY AMONG FOOD VENDORS IN LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL (LASUTH) IKEJA.
    (Annals of Clinical Sciences, 2017-03) Bakare, O.Q; Akinyinka, M.R; Odugbemi, B.A; Oluwole, E.O.; Adejumo, A.O
    Background: Food safety constitutes a significant public health issue both in the developed and developing countries resulting in millions of illnesses and deaths annually. The role of food vendors in ensuring food safety cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of food safety among food vendors in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 67 food vendors operating at LASUTH, Ikeja. Data was collected by means of a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire and also an observational checklist. The questionnaire was used to collect information on food vendors knowledge and practices of food safety while the observational checklist was used to objectively assess food safety practices in each of the 8 registered food premises in the hospital. Data was analysed using the SPSS software version 17. Knowledge was graded as good (100 - 75%), fair (50- 74%) and poor (0 - 490%). Results: A third of the food vendors were aged between 18-25 years. The majority were females (82%) and had a minimum of secondary school education. Only 18% of the respondents had good knowledge about food safety. All respondents claimed to wash hands with water and soap before preparing food and 97% claimed to wash hands after using the toilet. However, direct observations showed poor hand washing practice among food handlers. A low utilization of protective wear was also observed as only one canteen had its food vendors cover their hair and none of the food vendors wore gloves while serving ready to eat food. Conclusions: A low utilization of protective wear was also observed as only one canteen had its food vendors cover their hair and none of the food vendors wore gloves while serving ready to eat food.
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    Open Access
    A continuous quality improvement strategy to strengthen screening practices and facilitate the routine use of intravenous iron for treating anaemia in pregnant and postpartum women in Nigeria: a study protocol
    (2023) Eboreime, E.; Thomas, A.B; Obi-Cheff, C.; Adelabu, Y; Balogun, M; Aiyenigba, A.A; Oluwole, E.O.; Akinajo, O.R; Afolabi, B.B.
    Background Pregnancy-related anaemia is a public health challenge across Africa. Over 50% of pregnant women in Africa get diagnosed with this condition, and up to 75% of these are caused by iron deficiency. The condition is a significant contributor to the high maternal deaths across the continent and, in particular, Nigeria, which accounts for about 34% of global maternal deaths. Whereas oral iron is the mainstay treatment for pregnancy-related anaemia in Nigeria, this treatment is not very effective given the slow absorption of the medication, and its gastrointestinal adverse effects which lead to poor compliance by women. Intravenous iron is an alternative therapy which can rapidly replenish iron stores, but fears of anaphylactic reactions, as well as several misconceptions, have inhibited its routine use. Newer and safer intravenous iron formulations, such as ferric carboxymaltose, present an opportunity to overcome some concerns relating to adherence. Routine use of this formulation will, however, require addressing misconceptions and systemic barriers to adoption in the continuum of care of obstetric women from screening to treatment. This study aims to test the options to strengthen routine screening for anaemia during and immediately after pregnancy, as well as evaluate and improve conditions necessary to deliver ferric carboxymaltose to pregnant and postpartum women with moderate to severe anaemia. Methods This study will be conducted in a cluster of six health facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study will employ continuous quality improvement through the Diagnose-Intervene-Verify-Adjust framework and Tanahashi’s model for health system evaluation to identify and improve systemic bottlenecks to the adoption and implementation of the intervention. Participatory Action Research will be employed to engage health system actors, health services users, and other stakeholders to facilitate change. Evaluation will be guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research and the normalisation process theory. Discussion We expect the study to evolve transferable knowledge on barriers and facilitators to the routine use of intravenous iron that will inform scale-up across Nigeria, as well as the adoption of the intervention and strategies inother countries across Africa.
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    Open Access
    Acceptability of child adoption in the management of infertility: A survey of women attending fertility clinics in the tertiary facilities in Lagos.
    (Journal of Clinical Sciences, 2014) Ezenwankwo, FC; Roberts, AA; Balogun, MR
    Introduction: Infertility is a major social problem with public health relevance in developing countries, with prevalence levels up to 30%. In contrast, the available treatment options for infertile couples are limited. Most times, the cost of this treatment is far beyond the reach of the common man and the success rates recorded with these treatments are minimal. This study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of child adoption among infertile women attending fertility clinics in the public health facilities in Lagos, and to identify factors that may influence the willingness to adopt among these women. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted in the three government‑owned tertiary fertility clinics in Lagos (namely the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), and the Federal Medical Center (FMC) Ebute‑Metta) among 355 infertile women attending these clinics. Results: The majority of the respondents (90.1%) had heard of child adoption before and 28.7% of them had a good knowledge of the processes and legalities involved in child adoption. Almost two‑thirds (63.7%) expressed their willingness to adopt, while 58.6% of the respondents felt that an adopted child could never be compared to a biological child. Factors that were significantly associated with the attitude toward child adoption included the level of education of the respondent, their religion, marital status, knowledge of child adoption, and duration of infertility (P < 0.05). Discussion: The high level of willingness to adopt in contrast to the low level of practice among infertile women in Lagos indicates the scope for advocacy and public enlightenment to integrate adoption into the arsenal of management of infertility.
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    Open Access
    Access to information technology and willingness to receive text message reminders for childhood immunization among mothers attending a tertiary facility in Lagos, Nigeria
    (South African Journal of Child Health, 2012) Balogun, MR; Sekoni, AO; Okafor, IP; Odukoya, OO; Ezeiru, SS; Ogunnowo, BE; Campbell, PC
    Background. Effective communication is imperative for the delivery and receipt of adequate health care services. Aim. To determine access to information technology and willingness to receive short message service (SMS) text message reminders for childhood immunisation services among mothers in Lagos, Nigeria. Method. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, interviews using structured questionnaires were conducted with 399 mothers of children aged <5 years who brought their children to attend the immuno-prophylaxis and child welfare clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital during July and August 2011. Results. The age of the respondents ranged from 16 to 51 years with a mean of 31.1 4.7 years. Almost all (98%) were current owners of mobile phones, 68% had computer access, 66% were current users of the Internet though most used it occasionally and 65% had e-mail addresses. About three-quarters (77%) were willing to receive future SMS reminders about childhood immunisations although 67% preferred telephonic reminders to SMS and only 53% were willing to pay for the reminders. Respondents who were currently married and had at least a post-secondary education were more willing to receive SMS reminders. Conclusion. The mothers had better access to mobile phones than the Internet and were willing to receive SMS immunisation reminders. Future intervention strategies should explore payment mechanisms for SMS reminders, as there is an unwillingness to bear the cost by the respondents.
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    Open Access
    Adolescent Fertility and Usuage of Family Planning Methods among Women in Contemporary Yoruba Society, Nigeria
    (A Journal of the faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, 2016) Oyefara, J.L
    This article investigates the relationships that exist between adolescent fertility and usage of family planning methods among women in contemporary Yoruba society, Nigeria. The understanding of the interrelationship between women’s age at first birth and family planning variables is of direct relevance to health planners and policymakers attempting to control population variables and encourage safe motherhood. To achieve the central objective of the study, quantitative data were generated from 1,000 women in one of the six Yoruba speaking States in Nigeria: Osun State. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents, while the simple percentages and chi-square statistical method of analysis were adopted to analyse the generated data. Findings of the study show significant relationships between adolescent fertility and family planning variables at P<0.01. Specially, adolescent mothers exhibit significantly lower level of knowledge and current use of family planning methods compared with older mothers. On the basis of the findings, it has been recommended that state governments, local and international non-state actors working on safe motherhood in the Yoruba society need to reach adolescent mothers in-and-outside health institutions with appropriate messages on contraceptive methods and services through Social and Behavioural Change Communication (SBCC) channels in order to improve maternal health and reduce high population growth rate in the Yoruba society.
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    Open Access
    Age of initiation, Determinants and Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking among Teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
    (2016) Abiola, AO; Balogun, O; Odukoya, O; Olatona, F.A.; Odugbemi, T; Moronkola, R; Solanke, A; Akintunde, O; Fatoba, O
    Background: Cigarette smoking constitutes a major threat to the health and wellbeing of teenagers. While smoking has been on the decline in the developed countries, the reverse is the case in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the age of initiation, determinants, and prevalence of cigarette smoking among teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 475 teenagers selected by multistage sampling. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in November 2014. Results: The response rate was 84.6%. The mean age of the respondents was 16.4±1.65years. The range and mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking were 7 to 17 years and 12.0±3.32 years respectively. Teenagers who were above 15 years (OR:5.13, 95%CI: 0.87-30.26), males (OR:5.19, 95%CI: 1.57-17.18), married (OR:8.41, 95%CI: 1.04-63.35), had ≤primary school education(OR:4.31, 95%CI: 1.07-17.33), influenced by friends(OR:308.84, 95%CI: 84.87-1123.81), and influenced by advertisements (OR:27.83, 95%CI: 3.92-197.64) were more likely to have initiated cigarette smoking. Furthermore, teenagers who were males (OR:12.77, 95%CI: 2.90-56.28), married (OR:19.24, 95%CI: 2.05-180.45), had ≤primary school education(OR:7.85, 95%CI: 2.37-26.01), influenced by friends(OR:28.56, 95%CI: 10.86-75.07), and influenced by advertisements (OR:5.95, 95%CI: 1.72-20.61) were more likely to be current cigarette smokers. In addition, 24.9% had initiated cigarette smoking while 14.7% were current smokers of cigarettes. Conclusions: Mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was 12.0±3.32 years. Determinants of cigarette smoking were age, gender, marital status, educational background, friends, and advertisements. The lifetime prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher than the prevalence of current cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking reduction programs should take these factors into consideration.
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    Open Access
    Age of initiation, Determinants and Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking among Teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016) Abiola, A; Balogun, O; Odukoya, O; Olatona, F; Odugbemi, T; Moronkola, R; Solanke, A; Akintunde, O; Fatoba, O
    Background: Cigarette smoking constitutes a major threat to the health and wellbeing of teenagers. While smoking has been on decline in the developed countries, the reverse is the case in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the age of initiation, determinants and prevalence of cigarette smoking among teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 475 teenagers selected by multistage sampling. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in November, 2014. Results: Response rate was 84.6%. Mean age of the respondents was 16.4±1.65years. Range and mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking were 7 to 17 years and 12.0±3.32 years respectively. Teenagers who were above 15 years (OR:5.13, 95%CI: 0.87-30.26), males (OR:5.19, 95%CI: 1.57-17.18), married (OR:8.41, 95%CI: 1.04- 63.35), had ≤primary school education(OR:4.31, 95%CI: 1.07-17.33), influenced by friends(OR:308.84, 95%CI: 84.87-1123.81), and influenced by advertisements (OR:27.83, 95%CI: 3.92-197.64) were more likely to have initiated cigarette smoking. Furthermore, teenagers who were males (OR:12.77, 95%CI: 2.90-56.28), married (OR:19.24, 95%CI: 2.05-180.45), had ≤primary school education(OR:7.85, 95%CI: 2.37-26.01), influenced by friends(OR:28.56, 95%CI: 10.86-75.07), and influenced by advertisements (OR:5.95, 95%CI: 1.72-20.61) were more likely to be current cigarette smokers. In addition, 24.9% had initiated cigarette smoking while 14.7% were current smokers of cigarette. Conclusions: Mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was 12.0±3.32 years. Determinants of cigarette smoking were age, gender, marital status, educational background, friends and advertisements. Life time prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher than prevalence of current cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking reduction programs should take these factors into consideration.
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    Open Access
    AIDS-related stigmatization in the healthcare setting: a study of primary healthcare centers that provide services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Lagos, Nigeria
    (BMJ Open, 2019) Ehiri, JE; Alaofè, HS; Yesufu, H; Balogun, MR; Iwelunmor, J; Kram, NA-Z; Lott, BE; Abosede, O
    Objective: To assess AIDS stigmatising attitudes and behaviours by prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service providers in primary healthcare centres in Lagos, Nigeria. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Thirty-eight primary healthcare centres in Lagos, Nigeria. Participants: One hundred and sixty-one PMTCT service providers. Outcome measures: PMTCT service providers’ discriminatory behaviours, opinions and stigmatising attitudes towards persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), and nature of the work environment (HIV/AIDS-related policies and infection-control guidelines/supplies). Results: Reported AIDS-related stigmatisation was low: few respondents (4%) reported hearing coworkers talk badly about PLWHAs or observed provision of poor quality care to PLWHAs (15%). Health workers were not worried about secondary AIDS stigmatisation due to their occupation (86%). Opinions about PLWHAs were generally supportive; providers strongly agreed that women living with HIV should be allowed to have babies if they wished (94%). PMTCT service providers knew that consent was needed prior to HIV testing (86%) and noted that they would get in trouble at work if they discriminated against PLWHAs (83%). A minority reported discriminatory attitudes and behaviours; 39% reported wearing double gloves and 41% used other special infection-control measures when providing services to PLWHAs. Discriminatory behaviours were correlated with negative opinions about PLWHAs (r=0.21, p<0.01), fear of HIV infection (r=0.16, p<0.05) and professional resistance (r=0.32, p<0.001). Those who underwent HIV training had less fear of contagion. Conclusions: This study documented generally low levels of reported AIDS-related stigmatisation by PMTCT service providers in primary healthcare centres in Lagos. Policies that reduce stigmatisation against PLWHA in the healthcare setting should be supported by the provision of basic resources for infection control. This may reassure healthcare workers of their safety, thus reducing their fear of contagion and professional resistance to care for individuals who are perceived to be at high risk of HIV.
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    Open Access
    Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking pattern among brothel-based female sex workers in two local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria.
    (2013) Odukoya, OO; Sekoni, AO; Onajole, AT; Upadhyay, RP
    Abstract Background: Alcohol and tobacco use are known risk factors for non communicable diseases especially among women. Brothel based female sex workers may be at increased risk of exposure to these two substances. Objective: To assess the pattern of alcohol and tobacco use among female sex workers in two selected local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 323 brothel-based female sex workers in 39 consenting brothels. Data was collected by trained interviewers using a pretested structured questionnaire. Results: Majority (67.8%) were current drinkers with 89.5% of these having their most recent drink less than a week ago. Most of them (89%) consumed more than the reference limits for alcohol use among women. Up to 20.7% were current smokers with (92.5%) having their most recent cigarette less than a week ago. More than a third (37.4%) were heavy smokers while 19% were dual users. Current drinking was associated with current smoking. Smokers consumed significantly more units of alcohol than non-smokers. Conclusion: The prevalence of harmful alcohol use and cigarette smoking are very high among this group of female sex workers. Programs that address the use of these substances should be made available for these women. African Health Sciences 2013; 13(2): 490 - 497 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v13i2.41
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    Open Access
    Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking pattern among brothel-based female sex workers in two local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria.
    (Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2013) Odukoya, OO; Sekoni, A; Onajole, AT; Upadhyay, RP
    Abstract Background Alcohol and tobacco use are known risk factors for non communicable diseases especially among women. Brothel based female sex workers may be at increased risk of exposure to these two substances. Objective To assess the pattern of alcohol and tobacco use among female sex workers in two selected local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 323 brothel-based female sex workers in 39 consenting brothels. Data was collected by trained interviewers using a pretested structured questionnaire. Results Majority (67.8%) were current drinkers with 89.5% of these having their most recent drink less than a week ago. Most of them (89%) consumed more than the reference limits for alcohol use among women. Up to 20.7% were current smokers with (92.5%) having their most recent cigarette less than a week ago. More than a third (37.4%) were heavy smokers while 19% were dual users. Current drinking was associated with current smoking. Smokers consumed significantly more units of alcohol than non-smokers. Conclusion The prevalence of harmful alcohol use and cigarette smoking are very high among this group of female sex workers. Programs that address the use of these substances should be made available for these women.
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    Open Access
    Alcohol knowledge and consumption among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Horizon Research Publishing, 2014-01-01) Odeyemi, K.A.; Odeyemi, B; Olatona, F.A.
    Alcohol consumption has been linked to the risk of developing cancers and other Non communicable diseases. The knowledge, attitude and practices of alcohol use among the next generation of health care professionals will affect efforts to prevent alcohol related diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students regarding alcohol consumption. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among a representative sample of 240 students using self administered questionnaires. Majority (83. 3%) of the respondents had good knowledge about alcohol however less than half (46.6%) recognized that alcohol was a risk factor for cancer. About a third (33.3%) of the respondents drink alcohol. The majority (73.8%) of the respondents who consumed alcohol did so “to have fun with friends”. Most (66.3%) of the respondents that did not consume alcohol did not do so because it is against their religion. The senior-level students had better knowledge on alcohol than the junior students (p<0.05). However, this did not influence their practice. (p<0.05). Alcohol consumption was more prevalent among males than females (p<0.05). Education on alcohol needs to be given more emphasis to prepare them for work in alcohol control.
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    Open Access
    Alcohol Serving Venues as Facilitators of HIV Transmission: A Study of Bars and Beer Parlors in an Urban Community in Lagos State
    (2016-06-08) Alli-Balogun, O. K.; Sekoni, A. O.; Onigbogi, O. O.
    Book of abstracts
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    Open Access
    An assessment of socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2024-05-17) Charles-Eromosele, T.O; Maduafokwa, B.A; Kanma-Okafor, O.J,; Oluwole, E.O.; Oridota, E.S; Giwa, O.O; Ibenye-Ugbala, C.J.; Abdulkareem, A.T; Pitan, A.A; Matti, O.A; Onajole, A.T
    Background: There are attendant socio-cultural challenges of social distancing in controlling COVID-19 in developing countries which must be overcome. The objectives of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on social distancing, to determine the socio-cultural challenges and assess the coping mechanisms to the socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that assessed the socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study population included adults ≥18 years that have resided in Lagos state for more than six months. Respondents were recruited through the internet, using the social media platforms. A total of 500 responses were analysed. Quantitative analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: Overall, about 98.2% of the participants had adequate knowledge of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control, 51% of the participants had positive attitude towards social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control, and about 98.2% of the participants practised social distancing. About a quarter (27.2%) saw social distancing as a violation of human right and 97% agreed that it affected education in schools. Internet-based communication, teleworking, financial compensation, support groups, health education and special attention to the vulnerable were indicated coping strategies. Conclusions: The findings showed significant socio-cultural challenges in implementing COVID-19 mitigating measures such as social distancing and recommended mass health education plus a good socio-economic support system will help promote the adoption of preventative guidelines.
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    Open Access
    Anaemia prevention in pregnancy among ante-natal clinic attendees in a general hospital in Lagos
    (Nigeria Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2013) Yesufu, B.M.; Olatona, F.A.; Abiola, A.O.; Ibrahim, M.T.
    Anemia is the world's second leading cause of disability and thus one of the most serious global public health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that an average of 56% of pregnant women in developing countries, are anaemic. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to. determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of prevention of anaemia in pregnancy amongst pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic at Ifako-Ijaiye General Hospital. METHODS: The design was cross-sectional descriptive study. Simple random sampling method was used to select two hundred and twenty respondents (220). A pretested, structured, interviewer administered questionnaires were used for data collection. RESULTS: Majority (95%) of the respondents was aware of anemia in pregnancy but the mean knowledge score was 56.5%. Less than half (46.3%) of the respondents thought that contraceptives could help prevent anemia in pregnancy by reducing closely spaced pregnancies. Only 31.8% were compliant with the use of iron supplements. About one third (33.2%) didn't combine drinking tea with meals while 47.3% of the respondents didn't use iron supplements with milk products. CONCLUSION: The study showed that most of the respondents had a moderate level of knowledge, and positive attitude towards contraceptive use but a high proportion were not compliant with the daily use of iron supplements. It is recommended that health education of women as well as close family members should be reinforced to improve the compliance with supplements.
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    Open Access
    Analgesic effects of intrathecally administered fentanyl in spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery
    (Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013) Akanmu, O.N.; Soyannwo, O.A; Sotunmbi, P.T; Lawal-Osunde, A.S.; Desalu, I; Adekola, O.O; Oridota, E.S.
    Background: Intrathecal opioids as adjuvants to local anaesthetics during spinal anaesthesia have been used to augment the analgesia produced by local anaesthetic agents. The aim of this study is to determine the duration of analgesia following addition of fentanyl to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine during open reduction of lower limb fractures. Material and Methods: This prospective randomized study is comparing the effect of addition of 25µg of fentanyl to 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally on sixty consecutive ASA I and II patients scheduled to undergo elective open reduction and internal fixation of lower limb fractures (ORIF) at the UCH, Ibadan. The patients were randomized into their either bupivacaine saline (SB n=30) 10 mg (2 ml) 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine or bupivacaine-fentanyl combination (FB n= 30) through a 25-guage Whitacre spinal needle. Quality and duration of analgesia as well as any sequelae were recorded. Result: Socio-demographic as well as operating data were comparable between the two groups. Fentanyl provided significantly longer duration of complete (239.97 ± 28.58 vs 129.17 ± 11.61), p<0.001 and effective (276.23 ± 26.21 vs 150.80 ± 10.33) analgesia than bupivacaine alone (p<0.001). The pain intensity (visual analog scale [VAS]) at the time to first post-operative analgesic dose in the Fentanyl-Bupivacaine (FB) groups was significantly lower than in the group BS (p<0.001). Eight of the patients in the control group BS (26.67%) group had hypotension whereas six patients (20%) in FB groups had hypotension that required rapid infusion of crystalloid. There was no statistical difference in the level of shivering in the two groups. No patient in either group developed respiratory insufficiency. Conclusion: Addition of 25 µg of fentanyl to 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally for open reduction and internal fixation of lower limb fractures significantly prolonged the duration of complete analgesia as well as effective analgesia thereby reducing the need for early postoperative analgesic use without increase in severe adverse effect.
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    Open Access
    Anthropometrically determined nutritional status of children in public and approved private primary schools in an Urban town in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Highland Medical Research Journal, 2013) Olatona, F.A.
    Under-nutrition remains high while overweight/obesity are on the rise in developing countries. Little is known about the differences in the prevalence of malnutrition among public and private primary school children in urban areas of Lagos, Nigeria. This study determined and compared the nutritional status of children in public and private primary schools in an urban area of Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among public and private primary school children in an urban town in Lagos, Nigeria using a multi-stage sampling technique to select 206 pupils. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics while anthropometric measures were obtained and compared to standards using WHO AnthroPlus, to determine the nutritional status. Results: The prevalence of underweight (WAZ <-2SD) in the public primary schools, 6.8% (n=7) was higher than in the private schools, 1.9% (n=2) but the difference was not statistically significant. (p = 0.085). However, the higher prevalence of stunting (HAZ <-2SD) in public (20.4% (n=24) compared to private schools 3.9% (n=4) was statistically significant (P<0.000). The prevalence of overweight and obesity were significantly higher among respondents in private schools (8.7% and 4.9%) compared to those in public schools (0.0% and 1.0% ) (p=0.0003). Conclusions: Stunting was higher in public schools, while obesity and overweight were higher in private schools. Appropriate feeding from birth should be promoted to prevent under-nutrition among children in public schools and overweight/obesity among children in private schools.
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    Open Access
    Appropriate infant feeding: a survey of mothers’ practices in Magboro, Ogun state
    (2016) Olatona, F.A.; Roberts, AA; Agbeboaye, G.A.
    The practice and transition from exclusive breastfeeding to family foods is a vulnerable period in every child’s life. Poor breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices have been widely documented in the developing countries. Only about 39% of infants in the developing countries, and 25% in Africa are exclusively breastfed for the first six months. Up to 6% of infants in developing countries are never breastfed. The study aims to determine what mothers in Magboro, Ogun state know about infant feeding and its practices. Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study among one hundred and seventy four mothers of under-five children selected by multistage sampling in Magboro Ogun State. Data were collected about knowledge, attitudes and practices of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and complementary infant feeding (CIF), and the sociodemographic correlates using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analysed with Epi info ver 6, results presented as frequencies and associations tested statistically with Chi-square at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Correct knowledge of breastfeeding and complementary feeding was reported by 73.6% and 76.4% of mothers respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was done by 29.9% of mothers, 49.4% introduced complementary feeding at 6 months and 24.1% commenced before 6 months. There were statistically significant associations between the age of mothers, monthly household income, and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. This study confirms there are a few knowledge gaps concerning exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, however, a significant knowledge-practice gap exists regarding EBF and CIF. The authors recommend that more community-based educational support is introduced. Further research on appropriate channels of health education is needed.
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    Are Nigerian Women Willing to Vaccinate their Daughters against Human Papilloma Virus? a Cross Sectional Survey in Lagos State
    (2016-06-08) Tinuoya, A.T; Okafor, I.P; Balogun, M.O
    Book of abstracts attached.
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    Assessment of factors affecting self-rated health among elderly people in Southwest Nigeria
    (Nigerian Postgraduate medical Journal, 2018) Olatona, F.A.; Ogunyemi, A.O.; Odeyemi, K.O.
    Self‑rated health (SRH) is a subjective measure of health considered valid to predict mortality among the elderly. With the rapid increase of older people living in Nigeria and the lack of adequate social security, it is important to identify factors affecting their SRH. Social support has also taken on added importance among the elderly in view of scarce resources. Objective: To determine the level of satisfaction with the forms of social support received by the elderly and the factors associated with their SRH. Settings and Design: The study was a descriptive cross‑sectional study design among the elderly in Southwest Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 360 elderly respondents for the study. A standardized questionnaire, Short Form Health Survey‑36 was interviewer-administered. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Significant associations between categorical variables were evaluated using Chi‑square (χ2) test. Multiple regression test and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were employed to assess the relationship of the various predictors of SRH. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the 360 elderly respondents was 73 ± 9.3 years, 60.3% were female and 43.9% were widowed. Almost all (91.9%) the respondents received emotional while domestic support was the least in 50.3%. About 30.0% of the elderly self‑rated their health as poor. The predictors of good SRH after multiple logistic regression included being married (OR = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–3.33, P = 0.04); engagement in work (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.11–4.63, P = 0.02); the absence of morbid conditions (OR = 12.6, 95% CI: 2.86–55.4, P = 0.001) and higher levels of education (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19–0.91, P = 0.03). Conclusions: About one‑third of the elderly had poor SRH. Targeted interventions such as creating employment fit for the elderly and improving healthcare access is recommended.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of health facilities, commodities and supplies for malaria case management at Primary Health Centres in Ogun State.
    (2019) Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Daniel, OJ; Kanma-Okafor, OJ; Ogunyemi, AO; Onajole, AT
    Introduction: Country-specific evidence shows that Nigeria has the largest population at risk of malaria in Africa. Primary healthcare facilities play a major role in malaria control and often provide the bulk of malaria case management services. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ogun state. A pretested observational checklist adapted from the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) guideline was used to assess the health facilities, commodities, and supplies for malaria case management in all the PHCs. Results: A total of 75 PHCs were visited in the three LGAs. Only 32.0% of the PHCs had long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on the hospital beds. The majority (74.7 and 60.0%) of the PHCs distributed LLINs at antenatal care (ANC) and during immunization. The availability of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was good in 57.3% of the PHCs, and directly observed therapy of SP at ANC was good in 59.3% of the PHCs. Only 6.7% of the PHCs had the light microscope. There was availability of rapid diagnostic test kits in 62.7% of the PHCs. There was regular supply of artemisinin-based combination therapy in almost half of the PHCs. However, only 5.3% of the PHCs had quinine tablets available and only one of the PHCs had the correct prescription of quinine. Conclusion: There should be adequate and regular supplies of NMCP commodities in the PHCs if the country is to achieve the general objective of the current National Malaria Strategic Plan. Keywords: Commodities, Nigeria, NMCP, Ogun state, PHCs, supplies