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Open Access
ARMAGEDDON?
(University of Lagos Press and Bookshop Ltd, 2025-02-05) Odukoya, A.O.
ARMAGEDDON? “The more you know, the more you need to know” - Aristotle “Do not confuse the reality you live with the idea you have in your head”- Amilcar Cabral “Our reality is a part of other realities” – Amilcar Cabral “Reality is full of contradictions, and we cannot grasp it unless we learn to think dialectically” –Claude Ake Introduction Madam Vice Chancellor, a decree is an order that demands conformity. A decree exemplifies power through which the seemingly impossible can become possible based on the change in the probability of outcomes. The divine decree, which by biblical account preceded the creation of the world and humankind, “Let there be light,” with all its seeming simplicity, exemplifies the primacy of power and politics as the 2 binary fundamentals of the world. Suffice it to say that politics is power and power is politics. Onuoha (2021, 4) is right when he notes that “In fact, 'power' is the subject matter of political science.” In political science, we define politics as the “authoritative allocation of values” (David Easton), and more specifically, as “who gets what, when and how of society’s limited resources” (Lasswell, 1936). Power is conceptualised by Weber (1954, 323) as “the possibility of imposing one’s will upon the behaviour of other persons”. Power carries with it the weight of sanction for disobedience thus constraining the agency of the person or people over which it is applied. At the time of creation, not only was resource authoritatively allocated but there was an unmistakable intentionality in the convocation of a programmatic end/outcome: our world and mankind. As we shall see later, power is both overt and covert. It is germane to note that value, as described by David Easton, denotes anything and everything. However, value allocation cannot occur in a vacuum; it relies on previously accumulated resources. This necessity birthed the third fundamental of the tripod: accumulation. These three fundamentals—power, politics, and accumulation—are interconnected, resonating with the declaration by V. I. Lenin that “Politics is concentrated economics”. My academic trajectory has revolved around these three interconnected issues, particularly in the context of the African state and, more specifically, the Nigerian state. Underpinning these concerns are history, structure, interests, incentives and outcomes, which form the foundation upon which the issues discussed in this inaugural lecture are analysed. In his inaugural lecture at the London School of Economics, titled “Running while others walk: Knowledge and the Challenge of Africa’s Development”, Thandika Mkandiwire, (n.d), called attention to the common danger of generalisation in respect to "Africa," “a continent with 57 sovereign nations, seven time zones, thousands of languages and at least seven climates, with about a billion inhabitants and to my utter astonishment, 14 million not mutually consistent proverbs”. However, the divergences within the geographical configuration and 3 conglomerate called Africa are matched with much more convergence such that one can take up Africa as a unit of analysis without disservice to academic rigour. This approach is valid, as Africans largely identify themselves as a collective group.
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Open Access
Infection Control Practices among Laboratory Healthcare Workers in an Urban Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
(BUMJ, 2021-12) Adeniran, A; Ojo, O.Y; Goodman, O.O; Adebayo, B.I; Oluwole, E.O.; Olasubomi, I.O; Kuyinu, Y
Objective: Laboratory healthcare workers do handle a wide range of potentially dangerous materials which exposes them to numerous hazards. This study aimed to assess the practices of laboratory health care workers towards safety, infection control, and the associated factors to its practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 181 laboratory healthcare workers in all registered 33 laboratory facilities in Ikeja Local Government Area in 2017. Data were collected with pre-tested, structured self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 and a p-value of < 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.0 ± 2.45 years, most of whom were females (57.7%) and married (61.1%). The majority (98.9%) demonstrated good knowledge of infection control. A total of 62.3% identified hand washing as the most important infection control practice while HIV and Tuberculosis were diseases respondents majorly considered as high risk of contracting. A total of 84.6% of the respondents showed good practices. Limited availability of personal protective equipment in the laboratories was a major barrier identified by 98.1% of respondents. Respondents displayed good knowledge, attitude, and practice of infection control. Conclusion: The barrier to infection control was the limited availability of personal protective equipment. Therefore, concerted efforts should be mustered to ensure continuous training and retraining with the provision of personal protective equipment.
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Open Access
Chemoprotective potential of ethanol extract of Ganodermalucidum on Liver and Kidney Parameters in Plasmodium beghei-induced mice
(International Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Processes, 2015) Adetuyi, B.O; Dairo J.O; Oluwole, E.O.
The comparative efficacy of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum in Plasmodium berghei infected mice in comparism with chloroquine, an antimalarial drug of proven efficacy and safety were studied, there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in the liver and kidney AST compared to positive control, except for the mice treated with 100 ml of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum. Whereas there is a significant reduction in the serum AST compared to positive control. The serum ALT shows no statistical significant in the chloroquine extract compared with 100 ml ethanolic extract, but there is a statistically significant increase in 500 ml of ethanolic extract compared with positive control. The liver γGT showed a significant increase when compared with positive control, whereas serum shows a significant reduction in specific activity, when compared with positive control. 100 ml. 250 ml, 500 ml ethanolic extract and chloroquine shows no significant difference when compared with 500 ml, chloroquine and 250 ml ethanolic extract respectively. There is a decrease in body weight of the mice not treated, but a slight increase in the body weight of the mice treated with 100 ml ethanolic extract. But there is no significant difference in the weight of the negative control mice, compared with the mice treated with 500 ml ethanolic extract. There is no significant change in the blood glucose level of the mice treated with 500 ml ethanolic extract compared with the mice treated with 100 ml ethanolic extract, moreover, there is a significant decrease in the body glucose level of the negative control mice compared with the positive control mice, but changes occur as there is an increase in the blood glucose of the mice when treated with the 100 ml and 250 ml ethanolic extracts. Serum ALP shows no statistical significant in all groups except for the negative control mice, which shows an increase when compared with 500 ml ethanolic extract and positive control. Liver shows a significant reduction when compared with positive control except for the mice treated with chloroquine in the liver
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Open Access
Perception and Healthcare seeking practices regarding dysmenorrhea among public secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria
(Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ), 2020-12) Oluwole, E.O.; Agha, O.O; Ogunyemi, A.O; Bakare, O.Q
Objectives: Dysmenorrhea is an important health problem which may have a negative impact on female health, school activities and psychological status. This study assessed the prevalence, knowledge, perception and healthcare seeking practices of dysmenorrhea among secondary school students in Lagos State, Nigeria. The pattern of management of dysmenorrhea among respondents was also assessed. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 420 adolescents in public secondary schools in Ikeja Local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Respondents were interviewed using a structured pretested questionnaire. Data was analyzed with SPSS Version 22.0. The level of statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Mean ± SD age at menarche was 12.3±1.3 years. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among respondents was 75.2%. About one-quarter 106(25.2%) had good knowledge and 209(49.8%) had good perception of dysmenorrhea. Only 10% had ever sought health care for dysmenorrhea. A statistically significant association was found between the knowledge of respondents and healthcare-seeking behavior towards dysmenorrhea (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was high and majority of respondents had poor knowledge. Improving adolescents’ knowledge of dysmenorrhea through health education could positively influence their health care-seeking behavior.
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Open Access
Biochemical Effects of Shea Butter and Groundnut Oils on White Albino Rats
(International Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Processes, 2015) Adetuyi, B.O; Dairo, J.O; Oluwole, E.O.
The physical and chemical properties of edible oils influence their suitability for use in food and other process industries. The aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical properties, the components of shea butter, also the effect of shea butter on enzymatic activity in the liver, kidney and serum. Results obtained showed that Shea-butter has the following chemical properties: acid value (3.825), iodine number (43.27), peroxide value (12.85), saponification value (196.90), Total Cholesterol, Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase activity found to be higher in the liver as a result of the intake of shea butter. Shea butter was found to contain triacylglycerol and free fatty acids using the thin layer chromatographic technique. Other physico-chemical properties quantified were moisture content (1.37%), ash content (1.26%), and melting point (27°C). These results showed that the physico-chemical properties of Shea butter are comparable with the properties of groundnut oil which is widely used for cooking and industrial food processes, and also reveals the richness of shea butter in nourishing the liver by increasing enzymatic activity.