Department Of Chemistry

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Browsing Department Of Chemistry by Author "Abdallah, M."

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    Open Access
    Hexabromocyclododecane and Tetrabromobisphenol-A in Indoor Dust from France, Kazakhstan and Nigeria; Implications for Human Exposure.
    (Elsevier, 2016) Abdallah, M.; Harrad, S.; Oluseyi, T.; Bressi, M.
    Concentrations of hexabromocyclododecane isomers (α-, β- and γ-HBCDs) and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A) were measured – for the first time – in indoor dust from homes, offices and cars from France, Kazakhstan and Nigeria. ΣHBCDs in French and Kazakhstani house dust (median = 1351 and 280 ng g−1, respectively) were consistent with previous reports from the UK and Romania, respectively. Concentrations of ΣHBCDs in Nigerian domestic dust (median = 394 ng g−1) were substantially higher than those reported from Egyptian homes. In general, concentrations of ΣHBCDs in the studied microenvironments were higher than those of TBBP-A, which may be attributed to the major application of TBBP-A as a reactive flame retardant; rendering its release to dust more difficult. Statistical analysis revealed significantly lower ΣHBCDs in French houses than those found in both offices and cars, while ΣHBCDs in cars from Kazakhstan were higher (P < 0.05) than those in homes and offices. Moreover, TBBP-A concentrations in car dust from Nigeria were lower than those found in homes and offices. Exposure estimates revealed higher intake of HBCDs and TBBP-A by toddlers via indoor dust ingestion compared to adults. Combined with their low body weight, this can raise concerns over the potential adverse health effects of such high exposure in toddlers.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Dust from Cars, Homes, and Offices in Lagos, Nigeria.
    (Elsevier, 2016) Harrad, S.; Abdallah, M.; Oluseyi, T.
    Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in dust from 16 cars, 12 homes, and 18 offices in Lagos, Nigeria. These represent the first and second reports respectively of contamination of Nigerian indoor dust with these contaminants, and the second report on PCBs in car dust worldwide. Concentrations of BDE-47 and BDE-99 in two car dust samples (9300 and 3700 ng g−1 for BDE-47 and 4200 and 19,000 ng g−1 for BDE-99), are amongst the highest ever reported in car dust. ANOVA comparison with Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA; reveals concentrations of BDEs-28, 49, 47, 66, 100, 99, 154, and 153 in Nigerian house dust, to be significantly lower than in Canada and the USA, with those of BDE-49 and 154 significantly lower than in New Zealand and the UK. Concentrations of BDE-209 in Nigeria were significantly lower than concentrations in the UK and the USA; while concentrations of PCB-180 were significantly greater than those in New Zealand, the UK, and the USA. Median concentrations of PCBs in cars were substantially higher than in the only previous study (in Kuwait and Pakistan). While median concentrations of PBDEs in cars generally exceeded those in homes, this was significant only for BDEs-49, 154, and 197, with concentrations in cars significantly greater than those in offices for BDEs-49 and 154. Contrastingly, concentrations of all target PCBs in offices exceeded significantly those in cars. This study underlines the truly global distribution of indoor contamination with PBDEs and PCBs.