Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology

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Browsing Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology by Author "Effiom, OA"

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    Open Access
    Ameloblastoma: current etiopathological concepts and management
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2017) Effiom, OA; Ogundana, OM; Akinshipo, AO; Akintoye, SO
    Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. It is locally aggressive with unlimited growth capacity and has a high potential for malignant transformation as well as metastasis. Ameloblastoma has no established preventive measures although majority of patients are between ages 30 and 60 years. Molecular and genetic factors that promote oncogenic transformation of odontogenic epithelium to ameloblastoma are strongly linked to dysregulation of multiple genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase, sonic hedgehog, and WNT/b-catenin signaling pathways. Treatment of ameloblastoma is focused on surgicalr esection with a wide margin of normal tissue because of its high propensity for locoregional invasion; but this is often associated with significant patient morbidity. The relatively high recurrence rate of ameloblastoma is influenced by the type of molecular etiological factors, the management approach, and how early the patient presents for treatment. It is expected that further elucidation of molecular factors that orchestrate pathogenesis and recurrence of ameloblastoma will lead to new diagnostic markers and targeted drug therapies for ameloblastoma.
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    Open Access
    Analysis of Elastic Tissue in Histological Variants of Pleomorphic Salivary Adenoma seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a period of 35 Years
    (West Africa Journal of Medicien, 2014-07) Effiom, OA; Olawuyi, AB; Olorunsola, KD; Olisa, AG; Odukoya, O; Ogundana, OM; Ajayi, OF; Odukoya, O
    BACKGROUND: Pleomorphic salivary adenoma (PSA), is known for its morphologic diversity. While reports of elastic tissue in PSA have been documented, the distribution of this tissue in histological variants of the tumour has not been documented. Perhaps such features may influence biological behaviour of these variants. OBJECTIVE: To classify PSA in our series into histological variants, and determine possible variation in elastic tissue distribution in them. METHODS: Eighty eight histologically diagnosed cases of PSA in the oral biopsy archives of the department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, were retrieved. New H&E sections were cut to reconfirm diagnosis and Verhoeff-Van Gieson's stained sections were cut for demonstration of elastic tissue. Seifert et al.'s (1976) histological classification was applied and elastic tissue presence was determined and quantified for each case. Parameters studied included; sex, age, site, histological subtypes and presence of elastic tissue. Statistical analysis was undertaken using the EPI-INFO version 3.4. RESULTS: Male:female ratio was 1:1.3. Most cases (63.6%) occurred in the age group of 21-40 years. Generally, palate (42.0%) was the most commonly affected site, while 53.4% of cases were in the minor salivary glands. Seifert et al. classified subtype II lesions were the most frequently observed (39.7%) and elastic tissue was confirmed in 91.0% of cases. No association was noted between proportion of elastic tissue and histological variants. CONCLUSION: Seifert et al subtype II was the most frequently observed and no association was observed between proportion of elastic tissue and the histological variant of PSA
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    Open Access
    Pattern of distribution of odontogenic tumours in sub-Saharan Africa
    (John Wiley & Sons A/S, 2017) Ogundana, OM; Effiom, OA; Odukoya, O
    Objective: To analyse documented reports on odontogenic tumours (OTs) in sub-Saharan Black Africa and to create awareness of the need for more reports on this topic. Methods: There were 2,186 African cases of OTs presented at the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologists (IAOP) Congress (Cape Town, South Africa) in 1998 that were added to 2,198 cases derived from reports published in the scientific literature from 1998 to date. The analysis undertaken included frequency distribution of available data on OTs that was listed in the 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The chi-square test was applied as appropriate. Results: A total of 4,384 cases of OTs from only 14 of 47 sub-Saharan Black African countries were analysed. Ameloblastoma was the OT most commonly reported, accounting for 74.2% of OTs (and 86.9% of category A OTs), followed by keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) (6.9%) and odontogenic myxoma (ODM) (4.9%). Malignant OTs were reported at a low frequency, of 1.4%. Nigeria contributed 38.7% of the cases of OT in this series. Conclusions: Ameloblastoma is the commonest OT in sub-Saharan Africa and has a higher occurrence in male than in female subjects. With data on OTs not available from 33 of 47 sub- Saharan African countries, additional reports are needed.