Ophthalmology- Scholarly Publications

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3631

Browse

Browsing Ophthalmology- Scholarly Publications by Author "Olowoyeye, A.O"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Open Access
    Pattern of Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness among Students in Schools for the Visually Impaired in Lagos State: An Update
    (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2018) Olowoyeye, A.O; Musa, K.O; Aribaba, O.T; Onakoya, A.O; Akinsola, F.B
    Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of childhood visual impairment and blindness (VI and BL) among students attending schools for the visually impaired in Lagos State, with a view to providing information on avoidable causes as well as emerging trends that would be useful to policy-makers for the planning and implementation of strategies for the control of avoidable childhood BL in Lagos State. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted among students enrolled in two schools for the visually impaired in Lagos State who developed VI/ BL before the age of 16 years. Participants and their parents/guardians were interviewed to obtain medical history. Ocular and systemic examinations were also performed. Information was recorded using a modified World Health Organization/Prevention of BL Eye Examination Record for Children with BL and Low Vision and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Z-test determined differences in the proportions of the causes of VI/BL between this study and an earlier study. Results: A total of 116 students were enrolled in this study of which 65 (56.0%) were males. Avoidable causes accounted for 58.5% of VI/BL. Preventable causes predominated with measles (15; 12.9%) accounting for the largest proportion. Surgical complications (16; 13.8%) were the largest cause of VI/BL. A statistically significant decrease (P = 0.004; 95% confidence interval = 0.09–0.50) in the proportion of avoidable BL between a previous study carried out in Lagos State and this study was found. Hereditary cataract and cortical VI were the findings of this study not recorded in the previous study. Conclusion: Avoidable causes of childhood VI/BL still predominate among students in the schools for the visually impaired in Lagos State; however, there is a statistically significant decrease. Keywords: Causes, childhood blindness, pattern, schools for the visually impaired
  • Item
    Open Access
    Spectrum of Childhood Strabismus seen at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2017) Musa, K.O; Ikuomenisan, S.J; Idowu, O.O; Salami, M.O; Olowoyeye, A.O
    Background: Strabismus is the misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. It may lead to the development of amblyopia, impaired reading performance, absent or reduced binocular single vision as well as reduced self-esteem. Objectives: To describe the spectrum of childhood strabismus seen at Guinness Eye Centre of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria with a view to determining the most common type of strabismus as well as associated probable risk factors. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study of all new patients below the age of 16 years who were diagnosed to have strabismus (squint) at the Guinness Eye Centre, Lagos University Teaching Hospital between January, 2012 and December, 2015. Their case files were retrieved and relevant information extracted. Information obtained included age at presentation, gender, duration of symptoms before presentation, presenting visual acuity and family history of strabismus in first degree relatives. Also, type of strabismus, extent of deviation, refraction, ocular and systemic comorbidities, pregnancy, delivery as well as developmental history were extracted. Results: One hundred and sixty-six new cases of children below 16 years of age with strabismus were seen during the period under review constituting 9.1% of 1,815 new paediatric ophthalmic presentations during the same period. There were 105 (63.3%) females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.7. The most common types of strabismus were alternating, constant, comitant and esotropia documented in 83 (53.0%), 139 (83.7%), 159 (95.8%) and 108 (65.1%) patients respectively. Forty-five (41.7%) out of the 108 patient with esotropia had congenital/infantile esotropia being the most common while the most common type of exotropia was intermittent seen in 22 (43.2%) out of the 51 exotropic patients. Hypermetropia was significantly associated with esodeviation (p=0.04) while myopia was significantly associated with exodeviation (p=0.003). Also, positive family history of strabismus in first degree relatives was found to be associated with exodeviation. Conclusion: The most common type of childhood strabismus in this study was comitant strabismus (based on variability with gaze) and esotropia (based on direction of deviation). Keywords: Spectrum, Childhood, Strabismus, Nigerian, Hospital.