Chemical & Petroleum Engineering-Conference Papers
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Browsing Chemical & Petroleum Engineering-Conference Papers by Author "Adeyanju, O."
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- ItemOpen AccessExperimental Investigation of the Effects of Different Environmental Conditions on Pipelines Corrosion Rates(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019-08-03) Adeyanju, O.; Oyekunle, L.An estimate of about $18.5 million are expended by industries in Nigeria yearly on corrosion, the oil and gas industry takes more than 65% of this cost due to the peculiar nature of their facilities and operational conditions. In spite of the use of galvanized pipeline and application of the anti-corrosion coating of crude oil pipeline and other metallic structure in the oil and gas industry, corrosion failures are still daily occurrences. These corrosive failures have been attributed to the environmental conditions in which the pipeline and other metallic structures are located. This research studies the rate of deterioration (corrosion rate) of carbon steel pipeline (flow pipe) under five different environmental conditions, coated with different anti-corroding agents, and subjected to different temperatures and pH values. Five Different environmental conditions through which pipelines are laid (Top soil + Fresh water, Sea water bed sand + Sea water, Lagoon water, Seawater, NaCl solution (0.5M)) were simulated in the laboratory. Different seventy gram (70g) samples of the carbon steel pipeline were used as the coupon samples. Red oxide oil paint and tar paint were used as the anti-corroding agents. Water bath was used in regulating the temperature and different concentration of HCL and NaOH were used to vary the pH. Weight loss method was used to calculate the corrosion rates. Results show that carbon steel resists corrosion better when buried in soil than when submerged in water; also the corrosion rate is more in sea water than in the lagoon water of relatively smaller salinity. The rate of corrosion was observed to increase with: increase in temperature, increase in salinity, and increases in acidity and alkalinity. Also the tar paint is more effective as anti-corrodant than the red oxide oil paint when applied to the carbon steel pipeline under same environment conditions. The study successively reduced the corrosion rate of the 70g coupon sample from 0.00127g/day when the sample were suspended in 0.5M, NaCl solution to 0.000104g/day when pipeline coated with tar paint are buried in dry soil.
- ItemOpen AccessInfluence of Long Chain Acrylate Ester Polymer as Wax Inhibitors in Crude Oil Pipelines(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014-08-03) Adeyanju, O.; Oyekunle, L.Reliable technical methods for wax build up control in pipelines are critical to the production of crude oil in deep cold water environments. The effectiveness of groups of acrylate ester copolymers of varying alkyl side chains as pour point depressants (PPD) and as wax deposit inhibitors during the flow of crude oil in subsea pipeline was investigated. Three crude oil samples from different oil fields in the Niger Delta of Nigeria were employed. The overall average wax inhibition (OAWI) of 15 – 35% obtained with the acrylate ester copolymers was an improvement compared to the values of 8 – 23% reported from the previous studies. Polymer of similar chemical structures as the crude oil was observed to be effective in the inhibition of wax deposits of such crude oil. Wax inhibition percentages of 25-55% were obtained at high coolant temperatures (above 20 C), but many of the inhibitors exhibited poor performance at low temperatures (below 10 C), with wax inhibition percentage as low as -8%. Addition of demulsifier to the solution of the oil and the polymer was found to improve the wax inhibiting ability. The overall average wax inhibition (OAWI) value of 15.6% was recorded by the use of the demulsifier as against the value of 7.4% without the demulsifier.
- ItemOpen AccessOptimization of Wax deposition in a Sub-Cooled pipeline using Response Surface Methodology(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015-08-05) Adeyanju, O.; Oyekunle, L.Key factors affecting wax deposition in sub-cooled pipelines (wall (coolant) temperature (A), inlet oil temperature (B), and the percentage of wax inhibitors in the crude (C), and oil flow rate (D)) were experimental studied using the fabricated flow loop rig designed to simulate the flow of relatively higher temperature crude oil in sub-cooled pipeline. In an effort to investigate the possibility of minimizing the wax deposits volume in a flow of crude oil in sub-cooled pipeline, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of four variables affecting the wax deposits process using central composite design (CCD). It was observed that for the crude oil samples the experimental data highly fitted to the predicted data because of the predicted R-squares is in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R-square. In the laminar-turbulent transition flow regimes (2000 < Reynolds number (Re) > 3000), A, B, C, D,AB, AC, BC, A2, B2, and C2 are significant, as their individual P-value were less than 0.05 by each of the term, while AD, BD,CD and D , are insignificant as their P-values were more than 0.05. While in the laminar flow regime (Re < 2000) the results were similar to that observed in the turbulent flow regime except the flow rate term, (D) which was insignificant (with P-values of more than 0.05) due to insignificant effect of shear dispersion and removal in the laminar flow regime. In applying the response surface methodology central composite design (RSMCCD) in the Minitab-16 software to minimized wax deposit in crude oil flow in sub-cooled pipeline wax deposits were reduced to 64cm in the laminar flow regime and 43cm in the laminar-turbulent transition flow region. The small error percentage between the predicted and actual volume of wax deposit (4.68% in the laminar and 4.55% in the laminar-turbulent transition flow regime: indicated that the software models were valid and accurate in representing the actual experimental values and also in predicting the inhibition of wax deposit within the range studied.