Department of Medicine

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Browsing Department of Medicine by Author "Abbiyesuku, F"

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    Open Access
    A genome wide quantitative trait linkage analysis for serum lipids in type 2 diabetes in an African population
    (Elsevier, 2005) Adeyemo, A.A; Johnson, T; Acheampong, J; Oli, J; Okafor, G; Amoah, A; Owusu, S; Agyenim-Boateng, K; Eghan, B.A Jr; Abbiyesuku, F; Fasanmade, O; Rufus, T; Doumatey, A; Chen, G; Zhou, J; Chen, Y; Fubert-Harris, P; Dunston, G; Collins, F; Rotimi, C
    Lipid abnormalities are strongly linked with coronary heart disease and are common in type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the genetic determinants of serum lipids in African populations. An autosomal genome scan was performed for linkage to five plasma lipid phenotypes (total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) in the Africa–America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study. Two hundred and ninety-five affected sibling pairs with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled from Ghana and Nigeria were genotyped for 390 microsatellite markers with an average inter-marker distance of 9 cM. Multipoint variance components linkage analysis showed that HDL-C had a LOD score of 4.34 near marker D7S3061 and 3.00 near marker D7S513. Some clustering of linkage evidence to several lipid phenotypes was observed on chromosomes 5 (LDL-C, total cholesterol, VLDL-C), chromosome 7 (HDL-C, TG) and chromosome 19 (total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG). Principal component analysis of the five phenotypes yielded two factors, one (TG, HDL-C and VLDL) of which was linked to QTLs on chromosomes 2, 5 and 7, while the other (total cholesterol and LDL-C) was linked to a different set of QTLs on chromosomes 2, 5 and 18. Several of these regions have been reported to be linked to lipids in other studies. Follow up investigations are warranted in view of the central role serum lipids play in the aetiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy and cataracts in West African type 2 diabetes patients
    (2003) Rotimi, C; Daniel, H; Zhou, J; Obisesan, A; Chen, G; Chen, Y; Amoah, A; Opoku, V; Acheampong, J; Agyenim-Boateng, K; Eghan, B.A Jr; Oli, J; Okafor, G; Ofoegbu, E; Osotimehin, B; Abbiyesuku, F; Johnson, T; Fasanmade, O; Doumatey, A; Aje, T; Collins, F; Dunston, G
    Objective: To quantify the prevalence of, and risk factors for, diabetic retinopathy and cata- racts in patients with type 2 diabetes, and their spouse controls, enrolled from 5 centers in 2 West African countries (Ghana and Nigeria). Method: The analysis cohort was made up of 840 subjects with type 2 diabetes, and their 191 unaffected spouse controls, who were en- rolled and examined in Lagos, Enugu, and Iba- dan, in Nigeria, and in Accra and Kumasi, in Ghana. A diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was made only where a participant had a mini- mum of one microaneurysm in any field, as well as exhibiting hemorrhages (dot, blot, or flame shaped), and maculopathy (with or with- out clinically significant edema). Results: Average duration of diabetes was 7.0 years, and mean age at diagnosis was 46.5 years. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 17.9%. Cataracts were present in 44.9% of the patients with type 2 diabetes, and in 18.3% of spouse controls. The risk of developing reti- nopathy increased more than 3-fold for pa- tients at the highest fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level (OR􏰃3.4; 95% CI, 1.8–6.3), com- pared to patients at the lowest FPG level. The odds ratios for persons with diabetes for 10 years or more, compared to persons with di- abetes for less than 5 years, was 7.3 (95% CI, 4.3–12.3) for retinopathy, and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5–4.5) for cataracts. Conclusions: Cataracts were a more impor- tant cause of vision impairment than was dia- betic retinopathy in this cohort. The preva- lence of cataracts in patients with diabetes was more than twice that of their spouse controls, indicating that type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for cataract formation. Individuals who developed type 2 diabetes at an earlier age were more likely to develop both diabetic retinopathy and cataracts. A strong positive as- sociation was observed between FPG level, duration of diabetes, and risk of retinopathy and cataracts. The low prevalence of retinop- athy and cataracts observed within the first 5 years of diagnosis of diabetes in this cohort, suggests that intensive blood glucose control may reduce the risk of the development and progression of retinopathy and cataracts. In this regard, early eye examination, preferably at first presentation of elevated blood glucose, is highly recommended