Department of Medicine

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Browsing Department of Medicine by Author "Adebamowo, C.A"

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    Open Access
    Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Impaired Kidney Function in Sub-Saharan African Populations
    (Frontiers Media, 2016-05) Adebamowo, S.N; Rotimi, C.N; Balogun, W; Fasanmade, O.A; Oli, J; Bentley, A.R; Adebamowo, C.A; Shriner, D; Johnson, T; Zhou, J; Chen, G; Okafor, G; Eghan, B Jr; Amoah, A.G; Acheampong, J; Agyenim-Boateng, K; Tekola-Ayele, F; Owusu, S; Adeleye, J
    BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a leading risk factor for impaired kidney function, an indicator of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired kidney function among adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS: Participants were enrolled from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. Impaired kidney function was based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Using logistic regression models, we conducted case-control analyses to estimate the multivariate-adjusted association of T2D and kidney function. RESULTS: We used data from 4815 participants for whom the mean (SD) age was 48 (15) years, 41% were male and 46% had T2D. Those with T2D were more likely to have impaired kidney function [13.4% (95% CI: 11.9-14.7)] compared to those without T2D [4.8% (95% CI: 4.0-5.6)], p-value <0.001. The multivariate odds ratio of impaired kidney function among those with type 2 diabetes was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17-1.91) p-value = 0.001, compared to those without T2D. Also, individuals with T2D who were at least 60 years old, obese, hypertensive or dyslipidemic were more likely to have impaired kidney function compared to those without T2D. CONCLUSION: T2D was associated with 50% increased risk of impaired kidney function in this sample of adults from SSA. Interventions targeted at prevention, early diagnosis, and management of T2D are likely to reduce the burden of kidney disease in SSA.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Relationships among obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance in African Americans and West Africans
    (Nature publishing group, 2010-03) Doumatey, A.P; Lashley, K.S; Huang, H; Zhou, J; Chen, G; Amoah, A; Agyenim-Boateng, K; Oli, J; Fasanmade, O; Adebamowo, C.A; Adeyemo, A.A; Rotimi, C.N
    Several research studies in different populations indicate that inflammation may be the link between obesity and insulin resistance (IR). However, this relationship has not been adequately explored among African Americans, an ethnic group with disproportionately high rates of obesity and IR. In this study, we conducted a comparative study of the relationship among adiposity, inflammation, and IR in African Americans and West Africans, the ancestral source population for African Americans. The associations between obesity markers (BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), haptoglobin, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha), and IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA(IR))) were evaluated in 247 West Africans and 315 African Americans. In average, African Americans were heavier than the West Africans (by an average of 1.6 BMI units for women and 3 BMI units for men). Plasma hsCRP, haptoglobin, and IL-6 (but not TNF-alpha level) were higher in African Americans than in West Africans. In both populations, BMI was associated with markers of inflammation and with HOMA(IR), and these associations remained significant after adjusting for sex and age. However, the pattern of associations between measured inflammatory markers and IR was different between the two groups. In West Africans, hsCRP was the only inflammatory marker associated with IR. In contrast, hsCRP, haptoglobin, and IL-6 were all associated with IR in African Americans. Interestingly, none of the associations between markers of inflammation and IR remained significant after adjusting for BMI. This finding suggests that in African Americans, the relationship between inflammatory markers and IR is mediated by adiposity.