Chemical & Petroleum Engineering-Conference Papers

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Browsing Chemical & Petroleum Engineering-Conference Papers by Subject "Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Chemical engineering"

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    Open Access
    Influence of Long Chain Acrylate Ester Polymer as Wax Inhibitors in Crude Oil Pipelines
    (Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014-08-03) Adeyanju, O.; Oyekunle, L.
    Reliable technical methods for wax build up control in pipelines are critical to the production of crude oil in deep cold water environments. The effectiveness of groups of acrylate ester copolymers of varying alkyl side chains as pour point depressants (PPD) and as wax deposit inhibitors during the flow of crude oil in subsea pipeline was investigated. Three crude oil samples from different oil fields in the Niger Delta of Nigeria were employed. The overall average wax inhibition (OAWI) of 15 – 35% obtained with the acrylate ester copolymers was an improvement compared to the values of 8 – 23% reported from the previous studies. Polymer of similar chemical structures as the crude oil was observed to be effective in the inhibition of wax deposits of such crude oil. Wax inhibition percentages of 25-55% were obtained at high coolant temperatures (above 20 C), but many of the inhibitors exhibited poor performance at low temperatures (below 10 C), with wax inhibition percentage as low as -8%. Addition of demulsifier to the solution of the oil and the polymer was found to improve the wax inhibiting ability. The overall average wax inhibition (OAWI) value of 15.6% was recorded by the use of the demulsifier as against the value of 7.4% without the demulsifier.
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    Open Access
    Optimization of Wax deposition in a Sub-Cooled pipeline using Response Surface Methodology
    (Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015-08-05) Adeyanju, O.; Oyekunle, L.
    Key factors affecting wax deposition in sub-cooled pipelines (wall (coolant) temperature (A), inlet oil temperature (B), and the percentage of wax inhibitors in the crude (C), and oil flow rate (D)) were experimental studied using the fabricated flow loop rig designed to simulate the flow of relatively higher temperature crude oil in sub-cooled pipeline. In an effort to investigate the possibility of minimizing the wax deposits volume in a flow of crude oil in sub-cooled pipeline, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of four variables affecting the wax deposits process using central composite design (CCD). It was observed that for the crude oil samples the experimental data highly fitted to the predicted data because of the predicted R-squares is in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R-square. In the laminar-turbulent transition flow regimes (2000 < Reynolds number (Re) > 3000), A, B, C, D,AB, AC, BC, A2, B2, and C2 are significant, as their individual P-value were less than 0.05 by each of the term, while AD, BD,CD and D , are insignificant as their P-values were more than 0.05. While in the laminar flow regime (Re < 2000) the results were similar to that observed in the turbulent flow regime except the flow rate term, (D) which was insignificant (with P-values of more than 0.05) due to insignificant effect of shear dispersion and removal in the laminar flow regime. In applying the response surface methodology central composite design (RSMCCD) in the Minitab-16 software to minimized wax deposit in crude oil flow in sub-cooled pipeline wax deposits were reduced to 64cm in the laminar flow regime and 43cm in the laminar-turbulent transition flow region. The small error percentage between the predicted and actual volume of wax deposit (4.68% in the laminar and 4.55% in the laminar-turbulent transition flow regime: indicated that the software models were valid and accurate in representing the actual experimental values and also in predicting the inhibition of wax deposit within the range studied.
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    Restricted
    Utilising Clean Coal Technologies for Meeting Nigeria’s Energy Needs
    (Proceedings of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers, 2016) Denloye, A.O.; Akinola, A.A.
    Coal is expected to remain one of the dominant fuels in global electricity power generation as a result of its low cost, high reliability and high availability. In Nigeria, however, coal is yet to make a significant contribution to Nigeria’s energy needs because of the numerous challenges associated with coal electricity power generation. One of the challenges is that the use of coal to generate electric power produces toxic gases which are hazardous to human health and the environmental; it is also perceived as dirty to the environment. This paper focuses on the roles clean coal technologies can play in the sustainable exploitation of Nigeria’s coal reserves and how it can be effectively utilized to meet Nigeria’s energy needs. The Nigerian situation on electricity is reviewed and the Nigerian national policy on coal utilization is evaluated. Ways in which some aspects of the policy can be implemented are suggested. A number of clean coal technologies that can help overcome the challenges of electricity power generation were also reviewed. It is concluded that the core of the Nigerian National Policy on Coal should be the promotion of clean coal technology for electricity production. Clean coal technologies can reduce the hazardous gaseous emissions generated by the thermal decomposition of the coal. By developing clean coal technologies Nigeria will be able to use her considerable coal resources better and reduce the emissions of harmful substances associated with coal mining, thereby make asignificant contribution to Nigeria’s energy needs