Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Universal or Selective Screening? Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Universal or Selective Screening?
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Date
2020
Authors
Okunowo, B.O
Fasanmade, O.A
Odeniyi, I.A
Ohwovoriole, A.E
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Endocrine Society
Abstract
Introduction:
The presence or absence of risk factors is often employed in screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).
The risk factors for GDM include previous delivery of macrosomic babies, family history of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, previous GDM among others. The impact of selective screening is yet to be fully evaluated in our environment.
Objective
To determine the impact of selective screening on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Methods
The study was a prospective open cohort study carried out from 1st March to 30th November 2017 at the Lagos
University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research
Ethics Committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) before the commencement of the study. All the pregnant women were categorized into either risk group or control group based on the presence or absence of
clinical risk factors for GDM. All participants had 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) done at 24 to 28 weeks gestation and follow up till delivery. The data obtained were age, risk factors for GDM, fasting plasma glucose, one-hour post glucose load plasma glucose & two-hour post glucose load plasma glucose. The data were presented as mean, standard deviation, percentages & chi-square. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant
Results
Ninety pregnant women were screened for GDM. Forty-four women had risk factors for GDM while 46 were a non-risk group. Their mean age was 32.6± 5 years. The mean age for the risk & non-risk groups were similar.
The overall prevalence of GDM using the IADPSG criteria was 23.3%. The percentage of women in the risk group with
GDM was 38.6% while those women in the non-risk group with GDM was 8.7% which was statistically significant (p-value 0.004).
Discussion
The most commonly identified risk factors for GDM in this study were family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, history of unexplained miscarriage & previous history of delivery of macrosomic babies. Some women in the non-risk were diagnosed, even though the prevalence was lower than that observed among women with risk factors for GDM. Approximately one in ten women would have been missed if selective screening was employed in this study.
Most of the women in the non-risk group who were diagnosed with GDM were managed with medical nutritional therapy while the majority of women in the risk group had insulin therapy.
Conclusion
The findings in our study further support the idea of universal screening for GDM in order to avoid missed
diagnosis.
Description
Conference papers
Keywords
Gestational diabetes mellitus , Mellitus , Screening , oral glucose tolerance test , Research Subject Categories::MEDICINE
Citation
Okunowo BO, Fasanmade OA, Odeniyi IA, Ohwovoriole AE. Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Universal or Selective Screening? Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Universal or Selective Screening? Journal of the Endocrine Society 2020;A135