27) Oladele E.O, Adewumi,Response of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) to Heavy Metal Stress
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Date
2019
Authors
Oladele, E.O.
Adewumi, O.O.
Yahaya, T
Taiwo, I.A.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ournal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Springer Open; Beni Suef University, Egypt
Abstract
Background: Plants are usually the target of environmental pollution. This study, therefore, investigates the effects
of Zinc (Zn) and lead Pb on Bambara nut (Vigna subterranean) and Maize (Zea mays) at different concentrations, as
well as the possible ameliorating effect of the chelant; ethylene diamine acetate (EDTA) and farmyard manure, on
the enzymatic activities, the chlorophyll, total protein, and carbohydrate contents.
Results: Findings revealed that Pb and Zn increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione
synthetase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase levels with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to
200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control Maize plants. While in Bambara nut, the superoxide
dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), and catalase levels decreased with increased
concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg compared to control except for the malondialdehyde (MDA) which
was increased. For Bambara groundnut, with increased Pb concentrations, the chlorophyll content reduced from
2.94 to 2.00 mg/g. However, there was an increase (up to 4.918 mg/g) in the chlorophyll content with increased
zinc nitrate concentrations augmented with EDTA at the highest concentration. Maize plants treated with Pb
augmented with farmyard manure showed an increase in chlorophyll content with increased concentrations while
those assisted with EDTA still experienced a decrease as metal concentrations increased. Bambara groundnut plant
had a mean carbohydrate (%) of 14.79 (control), 17.60 (100 mg/kg of Pb concentration) and 11.20 (200 mg/kg of Pb
concentration), indicating a decrease in carbohydrate content with increased Pb concentrations. The same trend
was observed for the different Zn and Pb concentrations on the mean total proteins and carbohydrates of both
test plants. Generally, Pb and Zn induced oxidative stress in treated plants.
Conclusions: Elevated activity of anti-oxidative enzymes can assist as important components of antioxidative
defense mechanism against oxidative damage. The results of this study could be beneficial in the understanding of
the role of the defense system as well as the detoxification mechanism of Vigna subterranean and Zea mays in
efficient tolerance and response to Pb and Zn. This signifies that these plants can act as bioindicators in
environmental quality assessment.
Description
Scholarly article
Keywords
Heavy metals , Phytochelatins , Glutathione synthetase (GSH) , Malondialdehyde (MDA) , Superoxide dismutase (SOD) , Research Subject Categories::SOCIAL SCIENCES::Social sciences::Education
Citation
Oladele E.O, Adewumi, O.O, Yahaya, T, and Taiwo I.A. (2019): “Response of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) to Heavy Metal Stress’’. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Beni Suef University, Egypt: Springer Open 8:(19). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-019-0024-x