Effect of Glycemic Control on Periodontal Disease and Caries Experience in Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study
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Date
2019
Authors
Oyapero, A
Adeniyi, A.A
Sofola, O.O
Ogbera, A.O
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wolters Kluwer Medknow
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a diverse set of metabolic disorders initiated by
either a lack of insulin, opposition to its action, or both. The aim of this study was
to assess the association between glycemic control and the periodontal/caries status
of controlled diabetic patients at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja.
Materials and Methods: Forty‑eight diabetic patients with good glycemic control
demonstrated by three consecutive results in their medical records and who gave
informed consent were enlisted and screened for periodontal disease and dental
caries. Glycemic control was assessed using fasting blood sugar, 2‑h postprandial,
and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). Caries was assessed by decayed missing filled
teeth (DMFT) while oral hygiene index, gingival index (GI), clinical attachment
loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were used to assess periodontal health.
The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 18 and test of statistical
significance was done using Chi‑square test and ANOVA test. A P ≤ 0.05 was
recorded as statistically significant. Results: The PPD and CAL of the participants
were significantly associated with their glycemic levels. Those with increased
glycemic values had greater attachment loss and pocket depth. Gingival inflammation
and oral hygiene were however not significantly associated with glycemic control.
Respondents above 65 years similarly had significantly higher numbers of missing
teeth (P = 0.04) and greater mean DMFT values (P = 0.03). Similarly, respondents
above 66 years of age, those who had no education, and females were observed
to have worse oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and periodontal destruction
evidenced by CAL and PPD than other respondents, even though the association
was not significant. Conclusion: Oral health manifestations of diabetes need to be
emphasized like other systemic diabetic complications. The salient role of glycemic
control in periodontal health should also be continuously emphasized among diabetics.
Description
Scholarly article
Keywords
Dental caries , Diabetes Mellitus , Glycemic control , Periodontal disease , Research Subject Categories::ODONTOLOGY
Citation
Oyapero A, Adeniyi AA, Sofola O, Ogbera AO. Effect of glycemic control on periodontal disease and caries experience in diabetic patients: A pilot study. J Interdiscip Dentistry 2019;9:99-107.