Comparative incidence of adverse drug reaction during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigerian HIV infected Cohort
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Date
2021
Authors
Abah, I.O.
Dayom, W.D.
Dangiwa, D.A.
Aderemi-Williams, R.I.
Anejo-Okopi, J.
Agbaji, O.O.
Kanki, P.
Aguiyi, J.C.
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Abstract
Background: Despite close to two decades of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria, data on late on-onset ART-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are sparse.
Objectives: To describe early and late-onset ADRs and compare their incidence in an outpatient HIV positive Cohort on ART.
Method:We described the incidence of clinical ADRs identified and documented in an outpatient clinic cohort of HIV-pos- itive patients treated between June 2004 and December 2015 at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Incidence rates of ADRs during the first and subsequent years of ART were compared.
Results: of the 13,983 patients’ data analyzed, 9317 were females (66%), and those in the age bracket of 25 to 45 years made up 78% of the studied population. During 52,411 person-years (py) of ART, 1485 incident ADRs were recorded; Incidence rate (IR) 28.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.9:29.8) ADRs per 1000 person-years (py) of ART. The IR of ADRs was about two times higher in the first year of ART compared to subsequent years of treatment; crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.77 (95% CI 1.59:1.97). Anemia, hypersensitivity reactions, and nervous system disorders had 7, 23, and 5 times higher incidence, respectively, in the first year of therapy, compared to subsequent years.
Conclusion: The first year of ART is the period of highest risk of ADRs. Individual and programmatic treatment success
in resource-limited settings requires strategies for early identification and management of ADR during the period of greatest
risk of ADRs.
Description
Scholarly article
Keywords
Adverse drug events , Antiretroviral therapy , Drug toxicity , Sub Saharan Africa , Research Subject Categories::PHARMACY
Citation
: Abah IO, Dayom WD, Dangiwa DA, Aderemi-Williams R, Anejo-Okopi J, Agbaji OO, et al. Comparative incidence of adverse drug reaction during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigerian HIV infected Cohort. Afri Health Sci. 2021;21(3). 1027-1039.