Epidemiology and Diagnosis of schistosomiasis in Selected Communities of Ogun and Plateau States, Nigeria

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dc.contributor.authorAkilah, J.D
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-24T14:29:58Z
dc.date.available2019-06-24T14:29:58Z
dc.date.issued2012-07
dc.descriptionA Thesis Submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Lagosen_US
dc.description.abstractThe prevalence, intensity and the factors that promote the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in school-age children in Shendam Local Government Area of Plateau State and Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State were examined. Schistosoma eggs were recovered from urine by the membrane filtration technique using PATH-urinary diagnostic kit (Canal place, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A). Schistosoma japonicum Gene Bank from adult worm was screened by colony-lift immunoassay, PCR and DNA sequencing to obtain phages with cDNA that have immunodiagnostic potentials for schistosomiasis. The isolated cDNA clones were further screened by western and line blot analyses. The results showed that the overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium among school-age children in Shendam Local Government Area, Plateau State (23.6%) was higher than in Odeda LGA, Ogun State (9.5%). The prevalence was higher in males than in females in both study sites (P<0.05). The difference in prevalence of infection between the two study sites was statistically significant (2 = 140.99, P< 0.05). In both Local Government Areas, the overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection was highest in children aged 9-11 years (17.9%) and least in children aged 6-8 years (15.2%). However, the prevalence of infection was highest in children aged 9–11 years (35.3%) and least in children aged 6–8 years (17.9%) in Shendam; and the difference in prevalence by age was statistically significant (2 = 20.4, P = < 0.05). The peak prevalence in Odeda Local Government Area was recorded in children aged 15-18 years (11.8%) and least in children aged 6–8 years (3.8%); and the difference was also statistically significant (2 = 8.81, p = <0.05). In Shendam Local Government Area, the prevalence of infection with S. haematobium was highest in children who swam in the river (34.8%) and least in those who did not have contact with infested river (1.4%), while in Odeda Local Government Area, the prevalence was highest in the children who fished in the river (20.1%) and least in those who swam in the river (11.1%). Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection ranged from low in most of the communities to moderate and high in few. In both Local Government Areas, the mean intensity of infection was higher in males (49+147 and 42+76.0 eggs per 10 ml urine) than in females (29+84.7 and 27+24.9 eggs per 10 ml urine) for Shendam and Odeda Local Government Area Local Government Areas respectively. Majority (93.4%) of the children examined had very low intensity of infection (1-100 eggs/10 ml urine) and 0.75% had high mean intensity of infection (>500eggs/10ml urine). The highest mean intensity of urinary schistosomiasis was recorded in children aged 9-11 years in Shendam Local Government Area and in children 12–14 years old in Odeda Local Government Area while the least mean intensity was recorded in children aged 6–8 years in both Local Government Areas. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed a strong relationship between age and intensity of infection with Schistosoma haematobium in Odeda Local Government Area (r = 0.9). However, a weak relationship (r = 0.3) was observed between age and intensity of infection in Shendam Local Government Area. The mean intensity of infection was higher in children who bathed and swam in the infested river in Shendam Local Government Area (55+150.5 eggs per 10 ml urine) and Odeda Local Government Area (74+154.8 eggs per 10 ml urine) respectively. The six Schistosoma japonicum clones that were isolated from Gene Bank of the adult worm contained protein molecules derived from the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) of the phagemid clones. Consecutive screening of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) clones resulted in fewer and purer clones of interest. The Schistosoma japonicum clone 9 obtained from the adult Gene Bank corresponded with a membrane protein Sj 22. Sm clone 18 corresponded with Paramyosin, Sm clone 21 corresponded with Na+/ K+ ATASE molecule and Sm clone 44 corresponded with SmE 16 molecule. The Sj clone 9 and Sm clones 18, 21 and 44 had high potential for immunodiagnosis of both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis. Despite concerted control efforts by government and partners, schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in Nigeria. The prevalence maps produced from the current study are useful tools for planning cost effective control strategy in the two Local Government Areas. Government should show consistent political will and commitment to implement strategies that will ultimately contribute significantly to the control of schistosomiasis. The control strategy should include chemotherapy, provision of safe and adequate water supplies and community health education programmes.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAkilah, J.D (2012). Epidemiology and Diagnosis of schistosomiasis in Selected Communities of Ogun and Plateau States, Nigeria.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/4260
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectTransmission of urinary schistosomiasisen_US
dc.subjectSchistosoma eggsen_US
dc.subjectPublic health concernen_US
dc.subjectommunity health education programmesen_US
dc.subjectResearch Subject Categories::NATURAL SCIENCES::Biology::Organism biologyen_US
dc.titleEpidemiology and Diagnosis of schistosomiasis in Selected Communities of Ogun and Plateau States, Nigeriaen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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