Smokeless tobacco: Knowledge, attitudes and use among adults in Lagos, South-West, Nigeria.
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Date
2020-05-26
Authors
Opanuga, T.
Ayankogbe, O.O.
Oluwole, E.O.
Odukoya, O.O.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
J Addict Med Ther Sci
Abstract
Background: Smokless tobacco (SLT) use leads to nicotine addiction and is associated with several health problems. However, it may be perceived to be as a safe alternative to cigarettes resulting in a potential for increasing use among smokers and non-smokers alike. We assessed the pattern of smokeless tobacco use, as well as, the knowledge of and attitudes towards SLT among adult residents in Lagos, South West, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among 437 respondents selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Trained research assistants
used a modifi ed version of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey questionnaire to collect data from research participants. Data was analyzed using Epi-info statistical software
version 3.5.1. Univariate and bivariate analyses was carried out. Level of signifi cance was set at 5% (p<.05).
Results: Only 47(10.8%) of the respondents had ever used any form of tobacco. Of these, 29(6.6% of the total sample and 61.7% of tobacco users) had ever used SLT.
Majority of those who had ever used SLT progressed to become current users (75.8%). Up to 81.8% of current SLT users were daily users. SLT use was more common
among males (77.3% of current users) Snuff was the most common form of SLT used (81.8% of current SLT users), followed by chewed tobacco (18.2%) Gender and
marital status were statistically signifi cant with the current use of SLT (p<.05). However, no signifi cant association was found between knowledge, attitude and SLT use
in this study. Many of the respondents knew that SLT is harmful to health (65.4%); causing health issues like discolouration of the teeth (62.2%). However, a much higher
proportion of respondents did not know that SLT use was associated with gum disease (50.3%), cancers of the lip (58.8%), tongue (57.4) and gums (58.6%). Overall, only
29.5% had good knowledge of the health risks associasted with SLT use. More than half (66.9%) felt that SLT use was socially acceptable, though 54.7% felt SLT use would
be a waste of their money. Overall, 95.1% of respondents had good attitude. SLT use was more among men and those who were divorced/separated or widowed (p<.05).
However, respondents knowledge or attitudes was not associated with SLT use.
Conclusion: Though SLT use appears relatively low in this environment, majority of the users used it daily. Progression from initiation to current use was also high.
Though the respondents were aware of the general risks associated with SLT use, a signifi cant proportion were unaware of the specifi c health risks. SLT use was however
unrelated to the knowledge of its health risks. Efforts to reduce SLT initiation and progression to current and daily use should be prioritized. A focus on males with marital
issues should be considered. Future studies may focus on understanding the underlying reasons for initiation and progression of the SLT use in this environment
Description
Scholarly article
Keywords
Smokless tobacco (SLT) , Smokers , Adult residents , Lagos, South West , Research Subject Categories::MEDICINE::Social medicine
Citation
Opanuga T, Ayankogbe OO, Oluwole EO, Odukoya O. Smokeless tobacco: Knowledge, attitudes and use among adults in Lagos, South-West, Nigeria. J Addict Med Ther Sci 2020; 6(1): 035-040. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-3484.000035