Cytoprotective, healing and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of stem bark powder extracts and butanol fraction (BNL) of alkaloid rich Nauclea latifolia SM (Rubiaceae)
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Date
2018
Authors
Alaribe, C.S.
Adesegun, S.
Idowu, A.O.
Egere, O.
Ihemedu, C.
Coker, H.
Smith, S.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
West African Journal of Pharmacy , West African College of Postgraduate Pharmacists
Abstract
Background: Gastric ulcer haemorrhage and implication of Helicobacter pylori to the stomach and gastric cancer are major health concerns in the 21st Century.
Objectives: The aim of this study was is to investigate the cytoprotective, healing, and anti-H. pylori activities of extract and fractions of Nauclea latifolia.
Methods: Hydromethanolic stem-bark extract of N.latifolia was partitioned gradiently into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol to obtain HNL, CNL, ENL, and BNL fractions respectively. Preliminary bioactivity-guided assay gave rise to the selection of BNL alongside the crude extract for further biological activities. Ulcer Tolerant rate, UTR,% (cytoprotective) and Ulcer healing rate, (UHR, %) activities were evaluated on aspirin and histamine induced-gastric ulcer animal models using omeprazole, cimetidine, misoprostol (20 mg/kg), crude extract; 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg; and BNL fractions (50 mg/kg) as a reference and test drugs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) activities of the test crude extracts were also investigated using the agar double dilution method.
Results: The gastric secretions; Volume (ml) 0.44, pH 3.44, Acid output (µEq/hr, 2.30) and Absorbance (nm), 0.86 for mucus secretion were significantly (p = 0.05) reduced by the crude extract , 50 mg/kg , as compared to untreated positive control for volume (ml) 0.61,pH 1.18, Acid output; 6.17 and absorbance (nm) 0.15 respectively compared to untreated positive control and reference controls, (p = 0.05) in both aspirin and histamine models. The UTR % results was observed in lower doses, 50 mg/kg (4.4 %) , BNL, 50 mg/kg (28.1 %) than in 100 mg/kg (94.9 %) and UHR % results showed increased healing rate (60.35%) for 100 mg/kg crude extract. All results were comparable to untreated positive control. The microbial study to assess anti-helicobacter pylori properties showed an MIC and MBC of crude extract at 25 mg/mland 100 mg/ml respectively compared to amoxycilin (3.125 mg/ml).
Conclusion: This study reveals the extent to which the crude extracts and fractions of Nauclea latifolia were cytoprotective (UTR,%) and curative (UHR, %) against aspirin and histamine-induced gastric lesions on Sprague rats. However, from the results, the test crude extracts are observed to have more cytoprotective than healing properties. The crude extract is also shown to have promising anti-Helicobacter-pylori activities (MIC, 25 mg/ml and MBC, 100 mg/ml).
Description
Keywords
Nauclea latifolia, Ulcer tolerant rate, Ulcer healing rate, MIC, MBC
Citation
Alaribe CS,Adesegun S,Idowu AO,Egere O,Ihemedu C,Coker HAB, Smith S. Healing, Cytoprotective and Anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of stem bark extracts and butanol fraction of Nauclea latifolia. West African Journal of Pharmacy (2018) 29 (1) 110-120