Department of History and Strategic Studies

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Browsing Department of History and Strategic Studies by Author "Eiguedo-Okoeguale, H.E."

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    Open Access
    The Nature and Patterns of Nigeria-India Economic Relations: A Historical Analysis
    (African Studies Association of India in collaboration with Sage Publishers, 2017-07-07) Eiguedo-Okoeguale, H.E.
    External relations between states are not conducted in a vacuum; they are conducted within particular contexts. Over the years, a number of factors have determined the relations and patterns of interactions between Nigeria and India. This study focuses on the economic aspects of Indo-Nigerian relations and explores how they have affected nation-building efforts in the two countries. It argues that as postcolonial states, the economic relations between Nigeria and India are continuously guided by the principles of identity, reciprocity and interdependence. It further argues that, although India and Nigeria have different levels of development, economic relations between the two countries are conducted using the non-zero-sum game approach, which makes it possible for both the countries to mutually gain (or lose) depending on the commodities of trade or investment area. This article is organised in five sections. The first is the introduction, which lays the background for the study. The second aspect focuses on the nature of India’s economy since independence. The third part examines Nigeria’s economic sector, while the fourth section discuses Indo-Nigerian investment relations. The fifth section concludes the article and provides recommendations for policymakers. It establishes that trade and joint investments yield development and prosperity to both countries by providing opportunities for national integration.
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    Open Access
    Paradigm Shifts in the Middle East: Perceptions, Miscalculations and the First Gulf War
    (Sapientia Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Development Studies, 2021-03-02) Eiguedo-Okoeguale, H.E.
    This article interrogates America’s involvement in the Gulf region and the decisions that led to the First Gulf War in 1990. It adopts the individual level of analysis theory, which argues that perceptions, choices and actions of individual human beings, such as great leaders often influence the course of history. The study therefore, argues that the First Gulf War could have been averted. This is because there was no overwhelming systemic pressure that brought the belligerents into conflict. Indeed, if both actors, George Bush and Saddam Hussein had widened their perceptions in the prelude to the conflict, it is unlikely that the operation, which was coded “Desert Storm” would not have transpired. To be sure, Saddam Hussein would not have underestimated America’s military resolve, and the United States would have taken Saddam’s overtures more seriously. It further argues that Margaret Thatcher and George Bush turned to history for guidance when they responded to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Indeed, Bush and Thatcher used analogies to Hitler of the 1930s, the Vietnam War and the Falklands War to frame the crisis, which ultimately influenced their policy of the coalition force Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait in February 1991. The articles concludes that despite the much-heralded success of military victory, multilateral diplomacy and international law, the First Gulf War has continued to elicit reactions from experts, professionals and scholars across the globe, many years after it had been fought, won and lost.
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    Open Access
    Problems and Prospects of Pan-Africanism: Nkrumah and the Concept of African Unity
    (Sapientia Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Development Studies, 2020-09-01) Eiguedo-Okoeguale, H.E.
    This article interrogates Pan-Africanism and Kwame Nkrumah’s contribution to the growth of African unity. It argues that Pan-Africanism was a global movement to unite Africans against racial oppression and exploitation associated with European hegemony. It emerged as a response to the inferior social status to which Africans in white dominated societies were consigned. The article also portrays Pan-Africanism as a political and cultural phenomenon that regards Africa, Africans and African descendants in the Diaspora as a single unit. Relying on available evidence, the article then argues that Pan-Africanism sought to regenerate and unify Africans by promoting a feeling of oneness among the people of the African world. It therefore establishes that Pan-Africanism became the instrument of African nationalism, solidarity and unity in the struggle against colonialism, imperialism and neo-colonialism. The study further argues that the greatest impediment to the realization of Nkrumah’s dream of African unity was the issue of the newly acquired sovereignty by the African states. Indeed, the newly independent states of Africa viewed Nkrumah’s dream of a “United States of Africa” with common planning, defence, diplomacy and foreign policy goals with great suspicion and even hostility. Finally, the article concludes that it was an admixture between the Casablanca Charter that needed supranational organization and the Monrovia Protocol that required a gradualist functional organization that gave birth to the Organization of African Unity in May 1963 in Addis-Ababa.