Department of History and Strategic Studies

Permanent URI for this community

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3359

Browse

Browsing Department of History and Strategic Studies by Title

Now showing 1 - 20 of 159
  • Item
    Open Access
    Accumulation and Dispossession: Cocoa Production, Rural Development and the Structural Adjustment Programme in Southwest Nigeria, 1986 – 1996
    (A JOURNAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY & STRATEGIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, 2018) Ajiola, F.O
    The production and sales of cocoa were critical factors in rural development in colonial southwest Nigeria. Although abundant literature exists on the contributions of cocoa to economic development in southwest Nigeria, the impact of cocoa production on rural social relations, and community development in southwest Nigeria during the period of the structural adjustment programme is yet to be fully explored. This paper, therefore, examined the relationship between cocoa production and rural development in southwest Nigeria with a view to mapping out the transformation that occurred in the postcolonial rural social formations. The data comes from Idanre, the largest cocoa-producing town in the southwest, Nigeria. Primary and secondary sources were used. These included oral interviews, which were conducted with informants purposively selected due to their knowledge of cocoa production and community development in Idanre. Following economic liberalization and abolition of the Cocoa Marketing Board in 1986, Idanre witnessed urban-rural migration, as many indigenes and migrants outside the community returned to cocoa farming. These returnees competed for scarce resources with the local population and at the same time, facilitated the introduction of innovation, both capital investments, technological and modern socio-cultural traits. SAP also encouraged many non-cocoa producing families to invest in the cocoa business and they made a fortune through which they contributed to the transformation of both their livelihoods and the community.
  • Item
    Open Access
    AFRICA AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS OF HIV/AIDS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN AFRICA'S DEVELOPMENT: WHITHER THE AFRICAN RENAISSANCE?
    (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018) Adeboye, O.
    In June 2011, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDs (UNAIDS) marked 30 years of the epidemic with the publication of a 139-page document titled “AIDs at 30: Nations at the Crossroads in which it outlined the strategies utilized to fight the epidemic, the progress made so far, and the challenges faced by the body. What comes out of every page of the document is the message that HIV/AIDs is a global challenge which requires an equally global and collaborative response.
  • Item
    Open Access
    African women in informal economy in the Twentieth Century
    (Fragrance Communications Publishers, 2009) Olawoyin, O.T.
    The concept of patriarchy gives a general impression of men's rule over women an~ of male ~o~matJOn over females in the society. This social arrangement is believed to limit. wo~en's participation in significant aspects of development and. obscure their vital contributions in many spheres of life. The idea that African women are subjugated, oppressed, weak and docile have long been held b?,~ome Western sc~ola.rs. These scholars also portray the African female as ~ victim o~ male dO~lnat~o~ and of traditional customs and practices. But while the notion of being victims of patriarchy is true to some extent it is nece~sary to. note that African women even within the realm of'male dominance,. did and still.do have some degree of autonomy independence. They exercised and continue to. exercis~ a degree of power within this space and use what resources were available to Improve their lot.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Afro-European partnership for countering insurgency and counter-terrorism in Africa
    (Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), 2021) Ajiola, F.O; Lawal, O.T
    This chapter examines the partnership and other efforts of the European Union (EU) in countering terrorism and insurgency in Africa. It discusses terrorism and insurgency and identifies the driving force behind its spread. The 21st century has witnessed the proliferation of Islamic terrorism across the world. The terrorist organisations such as the Islamic State in Syria (ISIS), Al-Qaeda, Al-Shabaab, Boko-Haram and other emerging Islamic fundamentalists across the globe are a threat to world peace and security. Terrorism as a concept is overly complicated because individuals or groups conventionally perceived as terrorists did not see themselves as such. Terrorism and insurgency can hardly be separated from one another because they both represent violent struggles; however, the central area of departure is that the insurgent groups are usually open to dialogue and are not faceless like the terrorist groups. The EU contributed tremendously to countering terrorism and insurgency effort in Africa. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351271929-15/afro-european-partnership-counterterrorism-counterinsurgency-africa-felix-oludare-ajiola-olawale-taofeeq-lawal
  • Item
    Open Access
    The Age and Kings of the Ijebu Kingdom
    (Goldline and Jacobs, 2017) Oduwobi, T.
    This paper is an attempt to determine the age of the Ijebu Kingdom through a consideration of extant king-lists. In the absence of contemporary documentary evidence for the earlier period internal mechanisms, basically anthropological, have been employed as analytical tools. The paper concludes with the establishment of a dynastic chronology from the second half of the fifteenth century, and dating the foundation of the kingdom by implication from this period. This conclusion is consistent with inferences from external sources derived from Benin.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Agricultural change and development in 20th century Nigeria
    (The Faculty of Arts, Ambrose ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria, 2003) Onyekpe, J.G.N.
    Full texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Anatomy of Corruption in the British Colonial Service in Nigeria.
    (University of Ife Press, Ile-Ife,Osun State, Nigeria., 1987-01) Lawal, A.A.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Anatomy of Nigeria's economic crisis
    (African Journals Online, 2022) Onyekpe, J.G.N.
    The economic and social crisis in Nigeria cannot be adequately understood outside the organisation of the political economy as a dependent capitalist one. Political independence did not lead to economic liberation from imperialism as the structural and institutional foundations of imperialism were strengthened at independence and over the post-independence period. The crisis is aggravated by the continuous haemorrhage of resources from the country to the metropolitan world, lack of perspective macro-economic planning, non-diversification of the economy, and the use of the state and its organs and agencies by the ruling political elite to plunder the resources of the state. All efforts towards resolving the crisis have been a disastrous failure because most of the blueprints are formulated by the metropolitan states and their agencies with the ultimate aim to keep the state in unequal relations with the metropolitan states. Internally formulated policy instruments and economic measures have had little or no impact because they have mostly been wrongheaded. It is our argument in this paper that, the choice before the ruling elite is between the minimum programme of reforms to expand production and meet the basic needs of the people or the maximum programme of popular democratic revolutionary change of the existing political and social order.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict and External Interventions: A Diplomatic and Historical Narrative.
    (Taraba state university, 2021) Ogunjewo, H.B.
    The seemingly intractable, conflagrating Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict recently assumed a very dangerous dimension leading to the actual outbreak of war mainly because of external support, external interventions and international influences which indeed escalated the crisisto a major war. It has been established that international responses or external reactions to inter-state conflicts contribute to either the quick resolution or elongation of the conflict. The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict is no exception and as a matter of fact has become another reference point of the argument. This paper describes and analysis the evolution, dynamics of the conflict, narrating the impact of international responses or external reactions to conflicts especially the role of Turkey and Russia and proceeds further to submit that the recent deadly attacks were actually triggered by the impact and assurances of external supports and interventions. This paper combines an empirical model of external intervention with a theoretical model of war duration and war causation. In doing so, it treats external intervention as an endogenous variable and contrary to previous studies, finds that external intervention is positively associated not only with war duration but also with war causation. Deploying electronic and print media reports and commentaries, especially those of the Aljazeera, BBC, Associated Press among others as well as a few secondary sources, the study examines the argument that contradicts previous studies which typically argue that interventions reduce the duration of the war. The paper concludes that external influences induce conflicts and territory for security and serenity will be critical in the final resolution of the war with de-emphasis on external influences and drawing from historical antecedents, the need to uphold diplomacy and territorial concession in full.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Arrowhead of Nigerian Pentecostalism: The Redeemed Christian Church of God, 1952- 2004
    (Pneuma: Journal of the Society of Pentecostal Studies, 2007) Adeboye, O.
    This is a historical study of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), an indigenous and fan-growing Penseoocal church in Nigeria. The recent explosion in the church is presented here as a response to both local and external stimuli. The ingenuity of the church leadership is further reflected in the way it appropriates crucial moments from its collective past as a means of keeping the establishment mobilised. On the whole, the RCCG presents an interesting ambivalence. On one hand, it tries to distill a distinctive religious ethos, while on the other hand its the different nuances in Nigerian Pentecostaliam. The implication of this situation on the internal stability of the church is further probed in this study.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Biafra and International Non State Actors’ Support: Diplomatic Implications for Nigeria.
    (Taraba state university, 2020) Ogunjewo, H.B.
    Despite the various narrations, writings and debates on the Nigeria civil war, little attention has been paid to the actual existence of Biafra as a country from 1967 to 1970 and the support and aids received from the international non-state actors. This study examines the contributions of the Non-State actors to the literature on the civil war from the perspective of the impact of such support on the war. Relying on newspaper reports, interviews, commentaries and secondary sources such as journal articles and books, the study adopted frustration-aggression theory as theoretical framework of analysis. The methodological approach adopted is multidisciplinary and qualitative analysis with historical narratives. The study examines the nature, structure and impact of non-state support in the overall outcome of the thirty month war and the implications of such support in diplomatic terms for Nigeria. The findings of the study reveals that the availability of support from state and non-state actors had tremendous impact on the duration/outcome of the war. The study reveals that, although Biafra was ill-equipped for the war, with fewer army personnel and less equipment, it had a few advantages over the Nigerian state as they were fighting in their homeland, had the support of most Biafrans; instant recognition by Gabon, Cote d’Ivoire, Haiti, Zambia and Tanzania, emotional, material support but not recognition by Israel, France, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Zimbabwe, South Africa and the Vatican City. Critically, Biafra received support from non-state actors or non-governmental organizations including Joint Church Aid, The Holy Ghost Fathers of Ireland and Caritas International as well as the U.S. Catholic Relief Services. Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders) also originated in response to the suffering of the Biafrans during the war. The study concludes that Non State actors had tremendous impact on the survival of the Biafrans, the duration of the war and overall narrative of the thirty month war. Non-State actors have a measurable effect on policy outcomes of other actors on the international scene. Based on the findings, the study recommends the need to strategically and diplomatically engage the Non-State actors for their intervention in the agricultural efforts of the country and her current struggles against terrorism.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Book Review :A History of The Yoruba People.
    (Amalion Publishing, Dakar,, 2010-02) Akintoye, S.A.
    A History of the Yoruba People/ is an audacious comprehensive exploration of the founding and growth of one of the most influential groups in Africa. With a population of nearly 40 million spread across Western Africa and diaspora communities in Europe, the Caribbean, Latin America and North America, the Yoruba are one of the most researched groups emanating from Africa. Yet, to date, very few attempts have tried to grapple fully with the historical foundations and development of a group that has contributed to shaping the way African communities are analysed from prehistoric to modern times. In this commendable book, S. Adebanji Akintoye deploys four decades of historiography research with current interpretation and analyses to present the most complete and authoritative volume since Johnson’s work of the early twentieth century. The author traces the origins of the Yoruba from the legendary mythical beginnings, development of early Yoruba society, the revolution and primacy of Iife from the tenth to fifteen centuries, the founding of Yoruba kingdoms and the power of frontiers, and the rise and fall of Oyo empire. With this intelligible narrative backdrop, Akintoye then takes the reader through agencies of change in the nineteenth century and the rise of new kingdoms, and the emergence of transcontinental diaspora communities, down to the colonial and post-colonial political histories of the twentieth century and the socio- economic and political transformations of the present day. This exceptionally lucid account gathers and imparts a wealth of research and discourses on Yoruba studies for a wider group of readership than ever before. About the Author
  • Item
    Open Access
    THE ‘BORN-AGAIN’ OBA: PENTECOSTALISM AND TRADITIONAL CHIEFTAINCY IN YORUBALAND
    (Lagos Historical Review, 2007) Adeboye, O.
    This article examines the remarkable phenomenon of ‘born-again’ obas in Yorubaland both in the colonial and post-colonial periods. It argues that while Pentecostal doctrine does not distinguish between ‘faith’ and ‘cultural’ conversion, such a distinction might have become pragmatic for many of these obas in order to avert communal crises. Those who remained rigid without the support of higher political authorities came up against serious opposition in their respective domains. This study shows that the conversion of an oba goes beyond a personal change of religious affiliation, but raises questions of power relations and cultural hegemony. The article also highlights the intersection between conversion, modernity and development. It demonstrates how ‘physical development’ gradually became a principal parameter used to assess the performance of traditional rulers in post-colonial Nigeria, and how a high rating in this regard could mitigate hostilities provoked by an oba’s ‘born-again’ stance. At the heart of this entire discourse is the contestation of power through religious and ‘development’ idioms.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Breaking Through Gender Barriers: Religion and Female Leadership in Nigeria
    (Journal of History and Diplomatic Studies, 2005) Adeboye, O.
    It is a known fact that leadership positions in religious and political realms in Nigeria have, for a long time been dominated by men. This paper attributes this to the influence of not only African patriarchy, but also of Biblical and European patriarchy [which ideas crept in during the colonial period). This study however notes with interest, that Nigerian women have begun to tackle these gender barriers with positive result the emphasis here is on religious barriers, especially those placed by Christianity. It is therefore argued that if women could successfully challenge - though not totally eradicate these religious barriers that were underpinned by cultural and spiritual authority, and held to be sacrosanct for ages, then political barriers could also be gradually dismantled This would afford women greater opportunity to directly contribute to the development of the nation through the exercise of political authority in their own right as leaders
  • Item
    Open Access
    British Annexation of Epe and Ikorodu, 1892–94: A Historical Survey
    (John Archers Limited, 2015) Oduwobi, T.
    This paper examines the nature and character of British colonial acquisition in Ijebuland at the end of the nineteenth century. The defeat of the Ijebu Kingdom in 1892 by the British weakened the central authority of the state in the face of the development of fissiparous tendencies encouraged by the British for their political and economic interests. In the event, the Ijebu state not only lost its sovereignty, it was broken into three divisions under British colonial administration. One of these, encompassing the lagoon portions of Ijebu territory, was ceded to the British crown by two separate treaty agreements. The first was in 1892 incorporating Epe and its environs, while the second was in 1894 covering Ikorodu and surrounding area. These events were to have enduring legacies, for the territorial cessions were to establish the eastern boundaries of what became Lagos State in post-independence Nigeria. Of even greater significance is that over half a century of separate administrative experience by these Ijebu communities from the rest of their historical kin has developed in them a distinct identity closely bound with the interests and existence of Lagos State. Thus present-day clamour and movement for the creation of Ijebu State in the country advisedly exclude the Ijebu-speaking population of Lagos State.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Canada and the origin of NATO: resolving a historiographical problematic
    (2007) Adeleke
    The historiography of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, has grown tremendously since the pact was signed in 1949. One notable feature of this historiography is the breadth of its range and diversity and the different perspectives that scholars have brought to bear on their works. For example, a section of the literature is devoted to the problems of alliance politics, that is, the nature of relations between the members. These works explore the cultural, economic, social, and intellectual problems within the alliance, while others explore the role of the smaller powers in the organization. Some authors are more interested in security or military matters. Others focus on the organization’s response to internal and external crises. While some authors measure the organization’s accomplishments and failures, others prognosticate on its future, especially in the light of recent changes in the international system. Then there are the many official histories produced by the organisation. In fact, the literature on NATO is so vast that it will be patently absurd to attempt to cover all of it in one review. The paper will therefore focus on one theme: Canada’s contribution to the origin of NATO. This theme has received very conflicting and contradictory treatment in the literature. Most authors who have examined NATO’s origin have restricted their account to a few chapters; others have treated the subject in conjunction with other themes in general works ranging from memoirs to national histories. Few of the authors agree on the exact nature of Canadian contribution. The lack of consensus on the origin of NATO or of Canada’s contribution has generated a historiographical problematic. The paper seeks to resolve this problematic by determining the nature and extent of Canadian contribution to the formulation of the alliance.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Casamancais versus Senegalatse: migration and the indigene-settler conflict in post-independence Senegal
    (2012) Osemeka, I.N.
    The distinction between indigenes and settlers is often related to their histories of migration and this has always been a part of the conflict rhetoric in Africa and elsewhere. This paper brings the discussion on migration into the indigene-settler debate in Senegal. It traces the evolution of Casamancais and Senegalese identities, identifying their distinguishing features and examines the factors and effects of migration patterns on the indigene-settler crisis in post independence Senegal. The paper argues that the presence of northern migrants in Casamance increased the consciousness of Casamancais identity but the evolution is attributable to the isolated nature of the Casamance territory as well as the discriminatory policies by the colonial and postcolonial administrations. Consequently, the search for durable peace in Casamance must include efforts that aim at the reconstruction of the Senegalese national identity to reflect local cultures and languages in Casamance.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Celebration in an African City: Civic Ceremonies and Religious Festivities in Colonial Ibadan
    (Lagos Notes and Records, 2008) Adeboye, O.
    This article argues that cultural festivities (both civic and religious) constitute veritable pores through which civic culture in Ibadan is aerated. This perspective, however, disguises an interesting paradox While celebrations act as vents for the release of socio-political and economic stress and reaffirm group identity, they also possess significant political content, whose concentration varies according to prevailing circumstances. While previous scholarship has emphasized the need to diligently expose cultural symbols at the heart of political action in order to understand the various ramifications of civic culture, this study emphasizes the fact that a lot of political action is also embedded in non-political, cultural forms. The article further explores transformations in modes of celebrations and investigates how particular cultural forms are periodically invested with new meanings.
  • Item
    Open Access
    The Challenges of Anti-Corruption Crusade in Nigeria Beyond 2007.
    (Concept Publications Limited 77, Shipeolu Street, Palmgrove,Lagos., 2007) Lawal, A.A.
    There is no doubt that the anti-corruption crusade of the present federal government since 1999 has recorded some commendable breakthroughs which are attributable to the patriotic efforts of some agencies and their dynamic leaders. Thus the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (JCPC) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) have made some historic impact. "Yet corruption still thrives in the body politic. So far it is the Federal Government through the singular initiative of the President that has consistently confronted political and administrative corruption in the public sector. It is hoped that after 2007, some noticeable lapses in the constitutional and legal provisions for the functions of the agencies will be ameliorated. The chapter gives a full definition of political and administrative corruption and suggests some strategies for decentralizing the above mentioned agencies so that their impacts are noticeable not only at the federal, but also at state and local government levels. All state governors, federal ministers, state commissioners and local government chairman and councilors should actively be involved in anti-corruption crusade, reforms and accountability. As at now there is evident reform only at the federal level but there is inadequate accountability. An incoming federal government in2007 should introduce a new legislation to enforce full-scale and day-to-day.
  • Item
    Open Access
    The Changing Conception of Elderhood in Ibadan, 1830-2000
    (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2007) Adeboye, O.
    This article investigates the changes in the local conception of elderhood and the deployment of the idiom of age in Ibadan. It identifies the factors responsible for the changes: namely, militarism and patronage (in the nineteenth century), Western education, individual affluence, colonial and post-colonial state power (in the twentieth century). It argues that not only did these factors circumscribe ‘elderly authority’ and status, they also served as metaphors of seniority, which enabled individuals and groups utilising them to appropriate for themselves some degree of respect hitherto considered the prerogative of ‘elders’. The idiom of age thus became a mechanism for naturalizing power. The paper concludes that despite several modifications and challenges, this idiom has remained relevant not only in interpreting and structuring power relationships, but also as a weapon, which is often used negatively in political contests in contemporary Yoruba, and by extension, Nigerian politics.