Department of Medical Laboratory Science

Permanent URI for this community

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3582

Browse

Browsing Department of Medical Laboratory Science by Author "Akinloye, O"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Item
    Open Access
    Case Report on Pleural Empyema Thoracis and Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Chromobacterium violaceum from Lagos, Nigeria
    (Hindawi Case Reports in Medicine, 2019-02-07) Olalekan, A; Itua, F; Mutiu, B; Egwuatu, T; Akinloye, O; Iwalokun, B
    Chromobacterium violaceum has been implicated as an important cause of invasive diseases such as septicaemia in neonates and immune-compromised adults with high risk of misdiagnosis, mistreatment, and poor outcomes. Here, we report three new cases of C. violaceum infections in three different hospitalised patients with empyema thoracis (one case) and urinary tract infections (two cases) in a tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, and the diagnosis was confirmed with the MALDI-TOF MS instrument. )e patients were admitted and treated with parenteral antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone) and discharged after clinical cure. Clinical and Laboratory findings from this study revealed C. violaceum as an emerging and an “underdiagnosed” pathogen causing human infections in Nigeria with ciprofloxacin identified as an effective empirical treatment. Follow-up of cases treated with microbiologically efficacious antibiotics indicates a good treatment outcome.
  • Item
    Open Access
    'COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test could contain transmission in low- and middle-income countries'
    (African Journal of Laboratory Medicine; Vol 9, No 1 (2020), 2020-04-01) Olalekan, A; Iwalokun, B; Akinloye, O.M; Poopola, O; Samuel, T.A; Akinloye, O
    Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted heavily on global health. Although real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the current diagnostic method, challenges for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) necessitate cheaper, higher-throughput, reliable rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Objective: We reviewed the documented performance characteristics of available COVID-19 RDTs to understand their public health utility in the ongoing pandemic, especially in resourcescarce LMIC settings. Methods: Using a scoping review methodology framework, common literature databases and documentary reports were searched up to 22 April 2020, irrespective of geographical location. The search terms included ‘SARS-CoV-2 AND serological testing’ and ‘COVID-19 AND serological testing’. Results: A total of 18 RDTs produced in eight countries, namely China (6; 33.33%), the United States (4; 22.22%), Germany (2; 11.11%), Singapore (2; 11.11%), Canada, Kenya, Korea and Belgium (1 each; 5.56%), were evaluated. Reported sensitivity ranged from 18.4% to 100% (average = 84.7%), whereas specificity ranged from 90.6% to 100% (average = 95.6%). The testing time ranged from 2 min to 30 min. Of the 12 validated RDTs, the IgM/IgG duo kit with non-colloidal gold labelling system was reported to elicit the highest sensitivity (98% – 100%) and specificity (98% – 99% for IgG and 96% – 99% for IgM). Conclusion: We found reports of high sensitivity and specificity among the developed RDTs that could complement RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, especially for screening in LMICs. However, it is necessary to validate these kits locally.
  • Item
    Open Access
    'Understanding the use of real time reverse trascriptase polymerase chain reaction (Rrt-PCR) for COVID 19 Diagnosis2
    (Pan African Journal of Life Sciences, 2020-08-01) Olalekan, A; Iwalokun, B; Adekunle, O; Makun, H; Mirabeau, T; Akinloye, O
    Background: Adequ ate know ledge of r eal tim e Rever se Tr anscr iptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) is critical for accurate implementation of the assay, interpretation of results and reporting. This mini-review describes the principles, procedures, and level of development of rRT-PCR assays for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A n ar r ative r eview w as car r ied out to descr ibe th e pr inciples of r RT-PCR, provide an update on the landscape of rRT-PCR protocols and elucidate the process control involved in preanalytical, analytical and post-analytical stages of COVID-19 testing . Review Findings: Th e r RT-PCR is currently considered to be the acceptable standard for confirming COVID-19 diagnosis based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection via conversion to cDNA and amplification of target genes in real time using sequence specific TaqMan® probes. Available evidence indicates that different rRT-PCR protocols varying in number and type of target genes within SARS-CoV-2 genome are currently available for validation and emergency use approval (EUA) in pandemic countries. A total of 1 – 3 target genes, comprising the ORF1a, ORF1b, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), Nucleoplasid protein gene (N), Spike glycoprotein gene (S) and Envelope protein gene (E) are detected by these protocols. Conclusion: r RT-PCR remains the most sensitive method for confirming, monitoring and managing COVID-19 disease in the ongoing pandemic in all affected countries. The need for validation of every rRTPCR protocol prior to deployment for COVID-19 testing and research into the development of alternative testing protocols are strongly recommended