Department of Preventive Dentistry

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Browsing Department of Preventive Dentistry by Author "Folayan, MO"

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    Open Access
    Caries incidence in a cohort of primary school students in Lagos State, Nigeria followed up over a 3 years period
    (European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 2012) Folayan, MO; Sofola, OO; Oginni, AB
    Aim: To describe the progression of dental caries in the pupils who had access to an education intervention programme over a three years period. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS: This was a school-based based study consisting of 251 children aged 2-10 years old attending three primary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. Baseline and exit dental examinations were conducted. Study exit examination was conducted 3 years after the baseline. The deft and DMFT index was used to assess caries severity. The key outcome measure recorded in the study was the development of a new cavities in any of the previously caries-free teeth. The presence or absence of caries was represented by the change in deft and or DMFT status. STATISTICS: In the analyses, the incidence of new cavities was recorded at both the person and tooth levels. Incidence rates for the development of new caries were calculated for all children who: • were caries-free at recruitment • had caries at recruitment • were caries-free at recruitment but developed caries during follow up. Relative risk (RR) analysis was also computed for caries-risk estimation. RESULTS: The caries incidence for the study cohort was 9.9%. About 11.0% of children who were caries free at inception of the study developed caries three years after. The cumulative incidence of caries for the cohort of children who were caries free at the commencement of the study was 105 new cases per 1000 persons. Of the 40 children who had caries at the inception of the study, 21 (52.5%) developed new caries lesion. The cumulative incidence of caries for the cohort of children who had caries at the commencement of the study was 525 new cases per 1000 persons. The relative risk of developing caries over a three years period was significantly higher (RR=4.99; 95% CI = 2.88 - 8.64; p< 0.001) in those who had caries at baseline than those who were caries-free at baseline. Caries severity remained stable over the 3 years period. CONCLUSIONS: Caries incidence and severity was low for the study cohort. The relative risk of developing new caries lesion was significantly higher in those with caries when compared with those without caries.
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    Open Access
    Changes in the prevalence of dental caries in primary school children in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2014) Sofola, OO; Folayan, MO; Oginni, AB
    Objectives: To evaluate the changes in the prevalence of dental caries in Lagos State over a 3 years period and the role of age, sex, and playing in the changes observed. Materials and Methods: Three primary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria were randomly selected for the study. Six hundred and thirty‑three children age 2-12 years, were examined for caries in 2000 while 513 children were examined in 2003. The prevalence of tooth decay and the prevalence of untreated tooth decay were calculated for the two years, that is, 2000 and 2003. Also the degree of unmet treatment need among the population with caries experience was measured. Differences in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the primary and permanent dentition were assessed. Results: Approximately 18% of children had untreated tooth decay in their primary dentition in 2003: A 26.1% increase from 2000. About 12.0% of the decay, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) index was seen with decayed teeth in 2000 and 16.6% in 2003. Extracted primary teeth decreased from 2.5% in 2000 to 1.5% in 2003. The change in mean deft between 2000 (0.42) and 2003 (0.47) was 11.9%. Over the study period, the overall reduction in the prevalence of dental caries was 34.8% in the permanent dentition. The decline was larger among children aged 5-9 years (62.1%) and among females (75%). Conclusion: The study showed no overall changes in caries severity but a decrease in caries prevalence in the permanent dentition over the study period. The largest decline in caries prevalence in the permanent dentition was observed in children aged 5-9 years and females. On the contrary, there was an increase in the caries prevalence in the primary dentition.
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    Open Access
    Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens and Management of Exposure Incidents in Nigerian Dental Schools
    (Journal of Dental Education, 2007) Sofola, OO; Folayan, MO; Denloye, OO; Okeigbemen, SA
    The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens amongst Nigerian clinical dental students, their HBV vaccination status, and reporting practices. A cross-sectional study of all clinical dental students in the four Nigerian dental schools was carried out by means of an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that asked questions on demography, number and type of exposure, management of the exposures, personal protection against cross infection, and the reporting of such exposures. One hundred and fifty-three students responded (response rate of 84.5 percent). Only thirty-three (37.9 percent) were fully vaccinated against HBV. Ninety (58.8 percent) of the students have had at least one occupational exposure. There was no significantly associated difference between sex, age, location of school, and exposure. Most of the exposures (44.4 percent) occurred in association with manual tooth cleaning. There was inadequate protection of the eyes. None of the exposures were formally reported. It is the responsibility of training institutions to ensure the safety of the students by mandatory HBV vaccination prior to exposure and adequate training in work safety. Written policies and procedures should be developed and made easily accessible to all workers to facilitate prompt reporting and management of all occupational exposures
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    Open Access
    Programme guidelines for promoting good oral health for children in Nigeria: a position paper
    (BMC Oral Health, 2014) Folayan, MO; Adeniyi, A.A; Chukwumah, N.M; Onyejaka, N; Esan, A.O; Sofola, O.O; Orenuga, O.O
    Background: The objective of this paper is to draw attention to the oral health needs of children in Nigeria, and promote the use of appropriate interventions for disease prevention in the population. It also evaluates the value of the ongoing twice-daily tooth brushing campaign, which focuses on promoting good periodontal health and its relevance for children in Nigeria. Discussion: The main oral health burden for children in Nigeria is untreated dental caries, attributable to low utilization of oral health facilities. While there is a strong association between oral hygiene status and caries occurrence, no research had established an association between frequency of tooth brushing and caries in children in Nigeria. Prevalence of caries and gingivitis is low, despite the fact that a majority of children brush once a day and most of them have fair oral hygiene. Campaigns that promote twice daily brushing to prevent chronic periodontitis in children are not driven by evidences supporting the local epidemic, and therefore cannot be considered as efficient use of the limited resources available. Summary: Existing evidences show that the main oral health need of children in Nigeria is the management of untreated caries. Promoting the treatment of caries should be the primary focus of oral health programmes for children in Nigeria, as this would reduce further risks of developing new carious lesions. Public health campaigns should focus efforts at creating demand for oral health care services, for both preventive and curative purposes.