Department of Economics
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- ItemOpen AccessTackling Youth Unemployment through Entrepreneurship(1999-04-01) Owualah, S. IThis paper presents evidence that promoting entrepreneurship consciously among youths can be effective way of tackling unemployment within this group. This conclusion is drawn from the analysis of survey data collected from a stratified sample of loan beneficiaries of the Small-scale Industries and Graduate Employment Programme in Nigeria. This programme is one of four programmes of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) set up in Nigeria in 1987 to encourage and assist unemployed youths to establish and operate their own small scale firms. The analysis shows that an average of four new jobs was created by each of the respondent firms in the first four years of the programme. It further reveals that the firms achieved an appreciable growth in their assets, while previous training, experience and personal inclinations of their owners largely influenced the choice of types of small-scale firms that were established.
- ItemOpen AccessNon-Oil Export Promotion in the Nigerian Economy" in Nnamdi Azikwe University(2000-03) Lawanson, O.IThe primary objective of export promotion policies in any economy is to increase the level of economic activities. It follows therefore, that export policies should be directed at. sectors in which the impact of an increase in export demand will be both desirable and large. The Nigerian economy has been and is currently being characterized by a high degree of openness;. hence its performance is largely dependent on in the external sector. The Nigerian external sector has always been dominated by primary commodities which have the well known basic characteristics of low price and income elasticity of demand, low growth of demand, deteriorating terms of trade and instability of export earnings.
- ItemOpen AccessPatterns of Female Labour Force Partcipation in Nigeria's Urban Areas: The Case Study of Lagos State" in Unilag Sociological Review, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka, Anambra State(University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2001-07) Lawanson, O.IThis paper examines the pattern and the major determinants of lab ourforce participation .of urban 'vV0111enin Nigeria. US;'1g Lagos as Cl case study. The major determinants of l abourfor c e part ic ip at io n that vI/ere identified by the study are: age. mar it al status. education, husband's employment status. income of I'V!/e and husband, religious beliefs and nurnber ofchildren. . 1 .------~----------.~-------------------------.--------------,---
- ItemOpen AccessPricing Policy and the Development of the Petroleum Product Market(Proceeding of a National Conference on Nigeria’s Petroleum Resources and the Niger Delta Environment, 2002) Odior, E.S.O.; Okoh, R.N.In this work, we examine the issue of pricing policy in the petroleum product sector in Nigeria. The experience over the years has been that of regulation by Government. The paper examines the situation critically, and concludes that the solution to the fundamental inefficiency in the petroleum product sector, which manifests in the forms of inappropriate pricing, scarcity of refined petroleum products, smuggling, product adulteration and a situation in which the existing refineries are not maintained on a regular basis, can only be rectified by a well-designed and implemented programme of deregulation.
- ItemOpen AccessDeterminants of Female Labour Force Participation in Nigeria's Urban Areas: the Case Study of Port Harcourt(2002-07) Lawanson, O.IA review of the literature onwomen or gender in general indicates that there is now a demand for a re-orientation 'of research and changes in the methodological procedures used for the compilation and computation of national statistics so as to reflect accurately the role of world alone, but it is worldwide. The emphasis is now on the productivity and efficiency of the labour input of women.
- ItemOpen AccessRural Poverty in Nigeria: Characteristics, Dimensions and Trends(Journal of the Nigerian Rural Sociological Association, 2002-12) Dauda, R.O.SDespite Nigeria's rich endowment with abundant natural, physical and human resources, the incidence of poverty is high. The poverty situation in Nigeria is deplorable and pathetic. The current world development report (200012001) put Nigeria as the 28[h poorest country in the worId. The world poverty reports 1996 and Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) consumer surveys covering houselioids income and expenditure conducted in 1985 and 1992 highlighted the uneven spread of the burden of poverty in Nigeria. There is growing incidence of poverty in rural areas. According to FOS (1999), in 1992, the rural areas accounted for 66 percent of the incidence of poverty, 72 percent of the depth of poverty and 69 percent of the extreme poor. Fell/ale-headed households are especially vulnerable to poverty. Successive Nigerian governments have initiated various rural development programmes to attack the scourging nature of poverty among rural dwellers. However, many of the initiative are not well articulated and are not targeted directly on the rural poor. As a result, a large proportion of the population is still below the poverty line, with poor nutrition, ill-health and short life expectancy. For proper designing and implementation of rural poverty reduction techniques, it is crucial to understand the concepts, characteristics, dimensions and causes of rural poverty. This paper attempts to shed some light on the various conceptual issues of rural poverty. It provides an overview of the poverty situation in rural areas, in terms of characteristics, dimensions, trends and causes. Secondary data and a descriptive approach are employed to conduct the study. The paper conclude by calling for a re-orientation of the development policies in favour of rural development, with a view to reducing rural poverty.
- ItemOpen AccessDefence Expenditure and Democratic Governance in Nigeria: a Study of Budgetary Behaviour(Frankad Publishers, 2004) Dauda, R.O.SFull papers attached.
- ItemOpen AccessIncome Inequality, Unemployment, and Poverty in Nigeria: a Vector Autoregressive Approach(Journal of Policy Reforms, 2004) Akinbobola, T.O.; Saibu, O.M.The main features of poverty are low levels of consumption and income, a fact-of-life in most African countries. This paper analyzes the fundamental trends of per capita income, government capital expenditure, the human development index, and the rate of unemployment in the Nigeria. A vector autoregressive model finds that: A reduced unemployment rate improves human development and consequently reduces poverty. As growth in public capital expenditure rises, unemployment falls and the human development index improves. Therefore, infrastructure-based policies, which initially reduce unemployment, will also improve the living conditions of Nigerians in the end.
- ItemOpen AccessOn The Disaggregated Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria(Faculty of Social Sciences Delta State University -Abraka, 2004) Loto, M.A.; Ojapinwa, T.VThe study examines the disaggregated effects of FDI flows to mmll1g and quarry, manufacturing and processing and business and trade to economic growth in Nigeria using time series data from 1960 to 2011. The study employs Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator while paying particular attention to issues of weighting matrix estimation and coefficient covariance calculation. Specifying HA C-Newey-West weighting matrix in a heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent estimator of the long-run covariance matrix based on an initial estimate, the results show that the effects of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Nigeria is sectoral specific. While FD1flows to trade and business has direct and significant impact with real gross domestic product in Nigeria, FDI flows to manufacturing sector and mining and quarrying have positive relationship but insignificant effects. While the resultfurther shows that the interaction ofFDIflows to trade and business and openness becomes negative and more significant that of FDI to manufacturing and mining and quarrying to openness are insignificant and positive. This insignificant impact of FDI and openness is a clear indication of her small share in the world economy and the composition of her exports occasioned by the exogeneity of her terms of trade.
- ItemOpen AccessA Re-Examination of Agricultural Performance in Nigeria and its Policy Implications for Development Planning(Department of Geography and Planning Science, Ado-Ekiti and Research Group for African Environment and Development, Ado-Ekiti, 2004) Dauda, R.O.SFull papers attached.
- ItemOpen AccessTrade Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Further Evidence on the Causality Issue(South African Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2004) Saibu, Olufemi MuibiThe study specifically investigated the causality between the openness variable and economic growth, using data from the Nigerian economy. Previous studies in Nigeria have interpreted the regression results of output variables on the export trade variable as providing support for trade liberalization as an engine for growth with less emphasis on other measures like import. Such an interpretation is questionable since these regressions provided no means for determining the direction of causality. This paper performed causality tests with various forms of openness measures and economic growth. The results indicated a unidirectional relationship between openness and growth. This shows that an increasing level of openness will be beneficial, depending on the level of economic development in Nigeria. The result is robust across different measures of openness and analytical techniques.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Impact of Health on Nigeria's Economic Development: an Empirical Analysis(National Assoctation of Women Academics (NAWACS), University of.Lagos Chapter, 2004) Lawanson, O.INigeria has been experiencing low levels of economic development over the years. This study 'sets out to establish, empirically, the lOLU level of health in Nigeria has influenced this 'low level of development. This _~_ approached. by carrying out an empirical analysis of the impact of health on economic development in Nigeria over the period 1980~2000.For this purpose, an endogenous model is set up and regression analysis, using the method of ordlftCify least squares is applied. The result reveals that health has statistically Signifcant impact on economic development in Nigeria. It th~tfifo!1/ implies' that·'the level of health must be improved in order to-:spur economic growth and development.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Economic Context of Gender Equality in Nigeria(Concept Publications Limited, 2004-04) Dauda, R.O.SNot available
- ItemOpen AccessAn Economic Assessment of the Industrial Sector in Nigeria’s Fledgling Fourth Republic(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Uyo, 2004-06) Dauda, R.O.SThis paper analyses the experience of industrial development in Nigeria under different political regimes. Specifically, it investigates into the extent to which the industrial sector has developed or deteriorated since the inception of the new civilian administration under the leadership of Chief Olusegun Obasanjo between June 1999 and December 2002. Problems of the sector relating to infrastructural bottlenecks, productivity (efficiency), structural issues, and intemational competitiveness of local commodities among others are discussed. In the process, it beams the searchlight on the key challenges facing the sector in a changing global environment. Industrial performance based on selected indices was unsatisfactory during the period under review. This paper underlines the need for a more active, systematic and determined approach to industrial development with a view to quicken the achievement of structural transformation and resuscitating the Nigerian economy on the p~h of sustainable growth and development.
- ItemOpen AccessHealth Care Spending and the Empirics of Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria(Department of Sociology, University of Lagos, Akoka., 2004-07) Dauda, R.O.SThroughout the history of mankind, good health described as one of the basic life sustaining needs has always been known as crucial for nation building. Health contributes directly to human well-being and may often be regarded as one of the measures of wealth. The physical, mental and social well being of a person completely determines his ability to learn skills, his productivity, his extent of earning income and the quality of his life. Appropriate health and nutritional interventions directly impact on the quality of population and significantly enhances the economic prospects and welfare of poor people. The paper analyses health care spending and performance, clarifies some of the important relationships between health care spending and growth performance and provides a quantitative evaluation of the impacts of health expenditure on economic growth within the Nigerian context. Findings show that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and health expenditure in Nigeria. This is an indication that health is indeed a "necessary" condition for economic growth in Nigeria. The policy implication of this study is that greater emphasis should be on the improvement of the quality of lives of the people if the potential of the country to attain sustainable economic development must be maximized.
- ItemOpen AccessWomen Participation in Nigeria's Democratization Process: Some Socio-Economic Considerations(Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos., 2004-12) Dauda, R.O.SThe relative importance of women as positive contributors to economic development has long been recognized. The United Nations has been pioneering the mainstreaming of gender perspective into development planning and integrating them in development at the level of national government of all member states. However, progress made so far leaves much to be desired. The majority of the women, particularly in African countries, face various forms of systematic and structural discrimination, which inhibit the drive towards personal empowerment. Women are disadvantaged in the sphere of decision-making, be it political, economic and political development and nation-building. It defines 'femocracy', poverty, discriminatory social practices and discriminatory laws, gender-blind policy environment that promotes gender disparity in education, health care and the decision-making process, as significant factors which hinder women's participation at all levels of governance and in the current democratic experiment. The paper highlights the implications of the continued exclusion of women from the political scene and governance. It recommends policy measures to enhance the political status of women as well as facilitate the creation of a democratic space for Nigerian women.
- ItemOpen AccessAn empirical analysis of the impact of education on economic development in nigeria(2005) Lawanson, O.INigeria has been experiencing low levels of economic development over the years. It has been observed. that education plays a vital role in the economic development diE. any nation. It is the aim of this study to empirically establish whether the low level of education in Nigeria has influenced its low level of economic development. This will be achieved by carrying out an empirical analysis of the impact of education on economic development in Nigeria over the period 1980-2000. For this purpose, endogenous models are formulated and regression analysis using the Ordinary Least Squares method is applied. The results reveal that education has a statistically significant impact on economic development in Nigeria. Therefore, the level of education must be improved in order to spur economic growth and development.
- ItemOpen AccessNon-oil Export Promotion in the Nigerian Economy(University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2005) Lawanson, O.IThe primary objective of export promotion policies in any economy is to increase the level of economic activities. It follows therefore, that export policies should be directed at. sectors in which the impact of an increase in export demand will be both desirable and large. The Nigerian economy has been and is currently being characterized by a high degree of openness;. hence its performance is largely dependent on developments in the external sector. The Nigerian external sector has always been dominated by primary commodities which have the well known basic characteristics of low price and income elasticity of demand, low growth of demand, deteriorating terms of trade and instability of export earnings. Nigeria's experience with primary commodities range from the agricultural bases commodities up to the early 1970s to a transformation witnessed with the advent of crude oil as a major export
- ItemOpen Access
- ItemOpen AccessGovernment Polies, Plans and Strategies for Generating Employment(National Association of women Academics, Unilag Chapter, 2005) Lawanson, O.INigeria's unemployment problem is. a post-independence phenomenon. According to the, 1952/53 "Census, the country experienced over-employment rather than unemployment during .the early 1.950s.' This does not imply that .all the people who.were willing to work were' employed: it only means that .the-unemployed 'were few and mainly structurally unemployed.-:They were. either only temporarily out of employment or in the process of changing jobs. It also implies that the total number of people gainfully employed at the time exceeded the size of the potential labour force. Such a phenomenon can be explained in terms of the " prevalence of child labour - persons aged less than 15 years being gainfully employed (Ojo, 1997). Since the attainment of independence in 1960, the unemployment rate has been on the upward trend and in fact, the rate attained in the 1990s are almost unprecedented in the history of a country that is supposed to be undergoing a development process.