Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy

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Browsing Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy by Subject "Adverse drug reactions"

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    Open Access
    Adverse drug reactions amongst adult patients admitted in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos, Nigeria
    (Bentham Science, 2015) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Awodele, O.; Boyle, C.A.
    BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a global drug therapy problem. It has been rated as one of the top leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In Nigeria, not much is known about ADRs especially with the existing weak post marketing surveillance for monitoring drug use, and its effect on the population. OBJECTIVES: The study is aimed at determining the incidence of ADRs, presentations of ADRs, classes of drugs that frequently cause ADRs and predictors of ADRs in adult medical in-patients in LASUTH. METHOD: A retrospective study of six hundred and twenty four (624) case notes of all patients admitted to the medical wards in LASUTH between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009 was carried out. Information obtained included age, gender, and adverse drug reaction and drug details. The results obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software. Level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 624 case notes consisting of 358 males and 266 females were assessed. The number of patients who experienced adverse drug reactions was 67 (n = 624, 10.7%). The incidence rate of ADRs in LASUTH from the study was 10.7 per 100 patients' population. Most of the ADRs observed were type A reactions (97.8%). Mostly implicated classes of drugs were antidiabetics (26.7%) and NSAIDs (29.3%). CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of ADRs was 10.7%. ADRs which are predictable and preventable occur in hospitalized patients, such may be prevented or minimized by implementing measures to target specific drugs that are commonly suspected.
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    Open Access
    Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions of Anticancer Drugs in Oncology Unit of a Tertiary care Teaching Hospital in South West, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2016) Danbatta, A.; Musa, A.; Adeyemi, O.C.
    The work was aimed at studying the pattern of ADRs due to chemotherapeutic agents with the specific objective to assess the causality, severity and management of these reactions in a tertiary care hospital, South-West Nigeria. This was a retrospective descriptive study. Medical records of patients were studied with patient details, adverse drug reactions (ADR) and medications used to manage the reactions recorded using the designed ADR data collection form. The ADRs were assessed for causality and severity using the Naranjo and Hartwig assessment scales respectively. A total of 433 ADRs were recorded from 170 patients of which 96 (56.47%) were females and 74 (43.53%) were males. The most common cancers encountered were breast (25.30%), colorectal (21.20%), cervical (10.00%) and prostate (10.00%). Nausea/vomiting (21.50%) accounted for the most ADRs followed by alopecia (17.10%). Antimetabolites (28.00%) and platinum compounds (24.00%) were the most implicated drug classes causing ADRs. Naranjo causality assessment scale showed (66.48%) of the reactions to be “possible” and (33.52%) to be “probable” while the Hartwig severity assessment scale revealed the majority of the reactions to be “moderate” (63.50%), followed by “mild” (35.11%) and “severe” (1.39%). Medications commonly prescribed for the management of the reactions were ondansetron, proton pump inhibitors, dexamethasone, chlorpheniramine and metoclopramide. The study revealed a high incidence of ADRs with chemotherapeutic agents. The prevalence of ADRs was considerably high in spite of the use of existing premedications. Most of the ADRs were found not reported using the pharmacovigilance system, leading to underreporting. As such, health caregivers should be educated to look out for such, with emphasis to employ strategies to prevent, minimize and manage ADRs of cytotoxics with peculiar side effects. The knowledge will serve to prevent similar reactions in the future by rational and judicious use of preventive measures to decrease human suffering and economic burden to the patients and society.