Volume 3, Issue 1, 2015

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    Open Access
    Bridging Understanding in Medicare: Template for Effective Communication in Indigenous Languages
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Yusuff, L.A; Fadairo, Y.O
    The maintenance of a good patient-doctor relationship, otherwise known as clinical relationship, is central to health care delivery in medical practice. For this reason, the usual practice in medical schools all over the world is to make the attainment of communication skills compulsory for all. A doctor’s good communication skills, therefore, are a function of the medical vocabulary with which he communicates with his patients. It has been observed that doctors in many African societies, especially in Yorubaland, have mostly conveyed their ideas in medical jargons using the English language, and this inevitably breaches clinical relationships. This article seeks to address the issue by proposing a template for the conveyance of medical terms, in respect of consultation procedures and directional information labels in the hospital environment, in the Yoruba language as a medium of clinical communication. Appealing to concepts embedded in the theory of lexical morphology, this article demonstrates how word formation processes can be used to achieve a Yoruba language template for medical terminologies.
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    Open Access
    Bullying in the Nigerian Work Environment
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Owoyemi, O.A; Akintayo, O.M
    Workplace bullying has attracted the attention of researchers in Europe, US, and elsewhere. It has therefore become necessary to examine the phenomenon in Nigeria, given the continuous enlightenment concerning the health of targets and the financial implications for organisations. Using qualitative data obtained from structured in-depth-interview of thirty employees randomly selected from public and private sector organisations in Nigeria, this study explores the nature of bullying in the Nigerian work environment. Considering the paucity of literature on the subject in Africa, this research contributes to knowledge on the nature of workplace bullying in Nigeria with a focus on the contexts of its occurrence. Findings reveal the prominence of bullying in the public sector with culture playing a significant part in its acceptability. Findings also reveal that bullying targets are not likely to report such behaviour because of the fear of retribution. Religion is therefore employed as a coping mechanism because jobs are scarce and social benefits do not exist to cushion the impact of unemployment. The impact on productivity is profound; disenchanted workforces that exhibit little or no ingenuity in the execution of their duties cannot function maximally. Unfortunately, diligent members of staff resign in frustration whilst a few develop psychosomatic symptoms in prolonged cases of bullying. To remain relevant and competitive in today’s dynamic world of business, the managements of establishments in Nigeria need to be proactive in analysing the risk factors that facilitate organisational deviant behaviours in their work environments, and address them in order to create more productive work climates.
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    Restricted
    Energy Resources Governance for National Development: Options for Socially Sustainable Electricity Generation, Transmission and Distribution in Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Oke, Y
    The provision of low-cost, affordable and regular electricity is crucial to industrial development, employment generation and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. To this extent, the power sector of Nigeria has recently witnessed major policy re-directions, which are intended to reposition it for better efficiency through private players and by streamlining the regulatory and supervisory roles of government and its agencies.The Nigerian government believes very strongly that the new initiative will help to create a paradigm shift in a sector replete with regulatory overlaps, under-productivity and administrative laxities. While commending reform initiatives in the power sector of Nigeria, a careful look at the reformed electricity sector leaves one with an impression that the new policy is yet to sufficiently reflect the trends of sustainable electricity governance in other countries where similar reforms had taken place. This article reviews primary and secondary legal instruments, the Electric Power Sector Reform Act of 2005 (EPSR) and the Regulations (Electricity Regulations made pursuant to the ESPR Act). It throws-up the inadequacies of the current (reformed) electricity regime to the extent that some of its provisions violate certain sections of the Nigerian Constitution, and are inherently contradictory.
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    Open Access
    Information Systems in Health Care Delivery Services: A Case Study of Selected Academic Medical Centres in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Odunlade, R.O; Ojo, J.O
    Information Systems play a major role in the overall healthcare management. It has much to offer in managing healthcare and improving the quality of care. However, Information Systems cannot be discussed outside the concept of information technology. This is because of the embedded role of information technology in clinical and diagnostics equipment through which Information Systems are uniquely positioned to capture, store, process and communicate timely information to decision makers for better coordination of healthcare at both the individual and corporate levels. This study examined the role played by Information Systems (IS) in healthcare delivery services in three academic medical centres in Lagos State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. The total enumeration technique was adopted in administering questionnaire on resident doctors, nurses, laboratory technologists, pharmacists, and administrative staff. This technique was purposively adopted due to the fact that all the category of medical personnel selected as sample makes use of information systems in carrying out their duties. The study found that majority of respondents was aware of IS. Though, some of IS resources were available, computer and internet were the most used. Clinical services require the use of IS even though there were challenges such as lack of skills on how to use IS, lack of financial supports, inexperience on the part of IS suppliers by not being able to supply the required specifications, and use of faulty IS by medical personnel in the course of their duties. These had negatively affected their job productivity in the area of capturing, processing, and delivery of healthcare services. The study concluded that though IS have a major role to play in healthcare delivery especially where almost all aspects of healthcare services could be managed using technology, however, inadequate funding to procure modern equipment and lack of ICT skills on the part of medical professionals among other challenges can hinder effective capturing, processing and delivery of healthcare services.
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    Open Access
    An Introduction to Health Care Procurement in Nigeria and its Relationship to Development
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Williams-Elegbe, S
    Public procurement may be described as the process through which a government purchases the goods, services and ‘works’ it requires to function and maximise public welfare.Public procurement covers a wide range of activities from the purchase of everyday items such as pens and paper to the construction of dams, hospitals, schools and to contracts for services such as financial and legal services and even research and development contracts.Procurement accounts for a large measure of government spending, especially in developing countries where infrastructure and social needs remain unmet for the vast majority of the population.Despite the importance of procurement to development, there is little academic information on public procurement, especially in relation to health care procurement and its relationship and importance to development. Health care procurement has thus received little attention in Nigeria, either from policy makers or academics despite its importance to the attainment or the non-attainment of the MDGs. This paper adopts a doctrinal analysis of the healthcare procurement law and framework in Nigeria, and using the UK as a case study, illustrates that a holistic approach to healthcare procurement in Nigeria can serve to accelerate our development.
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    Open Access
    Investigating the Effectiveness of the Nigeria’s National Health Insurance Scheme on the Health Care Delivery System
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Tajudeen, O.Y; Olukayode, O.A
    The effect of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on quality of health care delivered to Nigerians remained largely untested till date especially in the area of level of awareness of health takers of the scheme, quality of health care delivered, cost implication, benefits and effectiveness of the entire scheme. This has necessitated this study to find out the effect of National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on health care delivery in Nigeria using a Teaching Hospital in Lagos as a case study. A survey research was carried out involving 200 questionnaires, randomly distributed equally between the healthcare-givers and the patients - (100 each for both population of interest). Data obtained were subjected to correlational and regression analyses. The results indicated that there is significant relationship between National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and the quality of health care delivered to the Nigerian citizenry. Furthermore, benefit derived and programme effectiveness had negative correlation on health care delivery of both patients and health givers. Meanwhile, the quality of health care delivered and cost implication of receiving treatment had a positive correlation with health care delivery. It was recommended that there is a need to create more awareness and education on the total package of the scheme.In addition, managers should improve the effectiveness of the programme through increase coverage of those hitherto-excluded in the scheme as quickly as possible.
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    Open Access
    Micro Health Insurance and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence from Lagos State
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Musa, A.O; Francis, S.D
    The challenge of poverty pervades all economies of the world, though in varying degrees.The challenge is however more serious for a developing economy like Nigeria with her huge population currently estimated at over 170 million.To overcome this challenge and achieve some of the millennium development goals (MDGs), various options must be evaluated.This study therefore evaluates the potentials of micro health insurance in solving the poverty challenge in Nigeria.The study argued that poor health status of individuals limit their production capacity and hence may force them to sell their valuables in order to meet health care and other basic household needs. Using a survey research design, data was collected from 150 randomly selected low income earners in Lagos State, Nigeria through a structured questionnaire administered by the researchers.The collected data was subjected to descriptive statistics, reliability test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, and the explanatory power of the independent variables on the dependant variable. The results suggest that micro health insurance can be used as a strategy for improving the living condition of the poor through the elimination of catastrophic health expenditures that could otherwise cripple their earning capacity.Based on the result, it is recommended that various enlightenment programmes should be employed by stakeholders in the insurance industry to popularise the benefits of micro health insurance among low income earners.
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    Open Access
    A Review and Application of Quantitative Sales Forecasting Techniques
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Mojekwu, J.N; Rahim, G.A; Ighomereho, O.S
    Quantitative sales forecasting has been a subject of investigation by many scholars and practitioners for many decades and it has been applied in several industries (e.g. healthcare, manufacturing, hospitality, restaurants etc), based on the notion that improving forecast accuracy is a prerequisite to miniming forecast errors and improving organisational performance. However, findings from most of the studies revealed that no single forecasting technique performs consistently across different situations and industries. And to date, research effort is ongoing to validate the conditions or methods for the optimal combinations of forecasts. Consequently, this paper reviewed the quantitative sales forecasting techniques that managers of manufacturing companies may consider when forecasting sales. Sales forecast assists managers in planning for the future. Therefore, the need to apply the most appropriate forecasting method cannot be overemphasised. Using the turnover of Guinness Nigeria Plc from 2003 to 2012, the paper examined the factors (year and operating expenses) that predict sales. The analysis revealed that year and advertising/promotion significantly predict sales than distribution and administrative expenses in the company. The implication is that for companies operating in a competitive business environment such as the brewery and soft drink industry, some internal factors or marketing activities such as advertising and promotion are vital in forecasting sales. In such situations, associative forecasting techniques appear to be more appropriate.
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    Open Access
    Table of Content
    (2015) UNILAG Journal of Humanities
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    Open Access
    What Managers Say and Do about Ethics in Financial Institutions: Implications for Employees’ Commitment
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Obalola, M; Aduloju, K; Olowokudejo, F
    Employees’ Commitment has attracted a lot of research attention from both the academia and industry and bourgeoning literature has resulted therefrom. While the literature has documented many correlates of organisational commitment, little attention however has been paid to understanding the relationship between corporate ethical values and organisational commitment. Contextually, the effects of corporate ethical values on employees’ commitment in organisational settings have been relatively understudied. This is particularly so in the financial industry and insurance sub-sector where ethical dilemma has been widely reported. Considering the nature of insurance services, and high potential for ethical dilemma, this study contributes to organisational commitment literature and expands the frontiers of knowledge by providing further empirical results on the impact of corporate ethical values on organisational commitment in Nigeria. Through the lenses of cognitive dissonance theory, the study proposes a significant relationship between the two constructs. Further, while controlling for some demographic factors, corporate ethical values were hypothesised as a significant determinant of organisational commitment. Data were collected from 415 managers in the insurance industry through Hunt’s et al. (1989) Corporate Ethical Value and Hunt’s et al. (1985) organisational commitment scales and analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18. The results of the multivariate analysis were then presented, and discussed with managerial implications.
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    Open Access
    Women and Career Progression in the Academia: Taking Stock of the Doctorate Degrees of the University of Lagos Since 2009
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Nnorom, C.P
    Although women are gradually closing the gap in most occupations, women in the academia had consistently been fewer than men in higher ranking positions due to fewer women with doctorate degrees. Attainment of a doctorate degree is a prerequisite to promotions above Lecturer 1 in the University of Lagos (UNILAG). The requirement of ‘publish or perish’ had been expanded to include ‘no Ph.D. no promotion’ even when the papers required to get to the apex are complete. This paper reviews the number of doctorate degrees awarded by UNILAG in the past five years – from 2009 to 2013- to assess the extent of the gap existing between the male and female in the profession. It complements the data with in-depth interviews conducted with women who are still struggling to obtain their doctorate degrees to appraise the constraints which they face. This is because to be promoted above the post of a Lecturer 1, an academic must not only have obtained a doctorate (Ph.D.) degree, he/she is also expected to have a quantum of publications in the required combinations in what UNILAG has termed ‘local’ and ‘foreign’ journals. This paper found a disturbing asymmetry with respect to the margin between male and female Ph.D. graduates with the latter still in the minority. Considering the constraints faced by women both in the private and public sphere and flowing from the interviews with women academics that are pursuing their doctorate degree programmes, the paper made some suggestions. One of such is the provision of and/or creation of female TETFUND scholarships to give more opportunities for women in academia to close the ever increasing gap in the profession.