Cell Biology & Genetics-Scholarly Publications

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    Open Access
    Evaluation of four cowpea lines for bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) Tolerance
    (University of North Carolina, USA, 2013) Amusa, O. D.; Ogunkanmi, L. A.; Balogun, K. A.; Ojobo, O. A.
    Cowpea, an important legume in many developing countries, is face by varieties of biotic stresses. Among them is the infestation of stored grains by Callosobruchus maculatus, an insect pest capable of causing high grain loss both in quantity and quality. However, resistant genotypes were developed to reduce the damages on stored seed grains by this insect pest. The study evaluated the level of resistance in four cowpea genotypes collected from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. These cultivars were infested with bruchids for three days in four replicates. Comparative data were then collected from the samples study for analysis. This study showed that there was a positive perfect correlation between percentage pest tolerance and the number of undamaged seeds. The study also showed that most of the resistant genotypes were susceptible with TVx 3236 being the most susceptible. IT99K-494-6 and IT84S-2246-4 suggested in earlier literatures to be resistant to bruchid attack were also susceptible. However, IT81D-994 showed a moderate tolerance to the infestation with percentage pest tolerance of 60. It is therefore imperative that bruchid tolerance evaluation be done periodically on released resistant genotypes to ascertain the stability and durability of their resistance against bruchid infestation.
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    Open Access
    Effects of sterilization and phytohormones on Shoot tip culture of Telferia occidentalis
    (University of North Carolina, USA, 2014) Olowe, O. M.; Adesoye, A. I.; Ojobo, O. A.; Amusa, O. D.; Liamngee, S. M.
    Telfairia occidentalis is highly heterozygous with continuous out-crossing. Therefore, conservation of its genetic resources will require the culture of explants from vegetative tissue rather than seeds, in order to maintain improved or superior genotypes. Experiments were carried out to establish a procedure for the sterilization of shoot tip explants from field grown seedlings and to induce organogenesis using different treatment combinations of phytohormones. Shoot tip explants obtained from 4 to 5 weeks old seedlings were surface sterilized using 3 concentrations of sodium hypochlorites (NaOCl) (0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) at 3 exposure time (10minutes, 15minutes and 20minutes). The percentage clean cultures were recorded after 4, 8 and 12 days. The lowest frequency of clean culture (0.33) was obtained when shoot tip explants were treated with 0.5% of NaOCl for 20minutes. Sterilization was most effective when shoot tip explants were treated with 1% NaOCl for 15minutes and 20minutes, after 4 and 12 days. Ninety three percent clean and viable cultures were obtained. Surface sterilized shoot tip explants were inoculated on ½ N6 media supplemented with different concentrations and combination of BAP, NAA, IAA and 2,4D. Shoot tip explants in ½ N6 media supplemented with 0.05mg/l BAP showed the highest shoot length of 1.46 cm and highest shoot number of 1.60. In all concentrations and combination of BAP and NAA, there was callus formation. In all concentrations and combination of BAP and 2,4D, calluses were formed to prevent shoot bud induction while there was induction of multiple shoo t in treatment combination of 0.5mg/l BAP and 0.1mg/l 2,4D. In all concentrations and combination of BAP and IAA, there were formation of calluses, but not formed in the treatments containing 0.5mg/l BAP and 0.1mg/l IAA, while BAP 2.0mg/l and IAA 1.0mg/l induced tiny shoots.
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    Open Access
    Genetic Diversity of Parkia biglobosa in Nigerian Agro-ecological Zones using RAPD markers
    (Hidawi, 2014) Amusa, O. D.; Adesoye, A. I.; Ogunkanmi, L. A.; Omoche, O.; Olowe, O. M.; Akinyosoye, S. T.; Omodele, T.
    Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) is an important leguminous tree crop in the African Savannahs useful to the natives where it is found, for domestic use. Previous diversity studies on this tree crop had been majorly on morphological and biochemical analysis. In order to capture the maximum diversity not obtained by previous research, the study aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity of accessions of this crop in the different agroecological zones in Nigeria using RAPD markers. A total of 81 scorable bands with an average of 8.1 bands per primer were amplified among the accessions studied. Intrazonal genetic diversity analysis showed a percentage polymorphism with a range of 11.11% to 65.43% among the agroecological zones studied. Although, gene diversity was highest within Humid forest agroecological zone, a low genetic distance and high genetic similarity between the agroecological zones were observed. Cluster analysis indicated six main groups of which four groups had single accessions while the two groups clustered the remaining accessions, indicating a narrowed genetic base from the 23 accessions studied.
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    Open Access
    Teratogenic and Anti-mutagenic Potentials of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia Linn
    (2015) Taiwo, I.; Adeleye, O.; Shittu, M.; Longe, O.; Amusa, O. D.
    Momordica charantia Linn. is an edible plant, used in various countries for the treatment of several diseases. For the purpose of this research, aqueous extract of air dried leaves of M. charantia was used. The aqueous leaf extract was administered (at 80mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 120mg/kg of body weight) to male albino rats for 90 days. After which, the bone marrow and sperm cells were observed for micronuclei, sperm count and sperm head abnormalities. The results from this study showed that increased dosage of the aqueous leaf extract produced a decrease in micronuclei observed among the groups, indicating that M. charantia has some anti mutagenic potentials and it is able to inhibit chromosomal breakages. Contrary to its effects on the bone marrow cells, the results from the sperm analyses indicates that it has teratogenic potentials by reducing sperm production and altering sperm morphology.
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    Open Access
    Effect of media, genotype and age of explant on callus induction through indirect somatic embryogenesis in maize (Zea mays L.). West Africa
    (University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015) Akinyosoye, S. T.; Balogun, M. O.; Adetumbi, J. A.; Amusa, O. D.; Olowolafe, M. O.; Ogunniyan, D. J.
    abstracts attached