Volume 4, Issue 2 , 2017

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    Open Access
    Simulating the Effects of Urbanisation on Urban Flooding in Ashimowu Watershed, Lagos, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2017) Odunuga, S; Oyebande, L; Omojola, A.S; Adeloye, A.J
    The paper studied the effects of urbanization on the extent of urban flooding in Lagos by using System 6c (Ashimowu Watershed) as a case study. The study utilized a scenario approach to simulate flooding processes for different land use scenarios (1965, 1975, 1987 and 2005) and 13 storm events recorded in 2005. For each scenario, the peak flow and area inundated were assessed using Precipitation Water Inundation Model (PWIM), a bespoke simple catchment water balance model with three components (Infiltration, runoff and digital surface) developed as part of the study. The results show that runoff and peak flow from precipitation increased by more than 200% between 1965 and 2005, due principally to urban impervious developments, causing the inundated area to increase by about 10% over the same period. Finally, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems, (SUDS) that encourages natural groundwater recharge was recommended.
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    Open Access
    Understanding Perceived Barriers to University-Industry Collaborations among Academics: Evidence from University of Lagos
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2017) Shittu, A; Owodunni, S; Olugasa, O
    There is a growing consensus among politicians, scholars, and industry professionals in the country that university-industry collaboration has a significant role to play in Nigeria’s pursuit of a diversified economy. While several discussions focus on the potential gains of university-industry collaborations, little has been said about the sensitivity of the academics to extant barriers to collaboration with the industry. . This study, therefore, examines the perceived barriers to collaboration among the academics. Drawing on a cross-sectional survey administered among 38 Heads of Departments and 201 academics sampled across the faculties of Arts, Business Administration, Engineering, Law, Sciences, and Social Sciences in the University of Lagos, the study uses the Pearson Chi-Squared test of independence to test the hypothesis that there is no association between perceived barriers to university-industry collaboration and the faculty of the academics. The findings show that: (i) the academic members across the faculties surveyed pay little or no attention to commercialization, licensing of patents, and establishment of spin-off companies; (ii) perceived barriers to university-industry collaboration is independent of the faculties of each academic , whether Arts/Humanities or Sciences/Engineering; (iii) funding and pressure on academic time lead the pack of perceived barriers to university-industry collaboration among the academics in the University of Lagos. The implications of the findings for pro-university-industry policy designs are discussed.
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    Open Access
    Decentralisation of Health Care Delivery in Nigeria: Issues in Governance and Citizens’ Participation in Local Health Care
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2017) Quadri, M.O
    Issues of citizens’ participation in democracy continue to be a recurring decimal in governance discourse. This is more so as it is widely believed that promoting the main tenets of democracy and increasing people’s participation will engender development. The inference from this is that, since development is about people, when people are part of the decisions that affect their lives, then, they would be able to make meaningful contributions to issues that concern their own development. It is therefore argued that popular participation is in essence the empowerment of the people to involve themselves in creating structures and in designing policies and programmes that serve the interests of all and contribute optimally to the development process. Decentralisation emerged as a result of global trend to local autonomy and self-determination, and as a result of a trend to reduce reliance on centralised planning and be more responsive to market forces as well as local needs. In relation to the health sector, decentralisation is concerned with changing the way health systems are organised to produce effective service delivery. The point has been made that decentralisation could be useful in supporting and developing health services and bring it closer to people. This paper therefore examines the process of decentralisation and how it impacts on primary health care (PHC) service delivery in Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Music and Tonal Communication: Decoding and Conserving the Agidigbo Instrument in Apala Music
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2017) Olupemi, O.E
    The Agidigbo is a major melo-rhythmic instrument of the Apala music, used by Yoruba musicians to achieve speech surrogate due to the tonal inflection of the Yoruba language. While it is somewhat easier in Yoruba vocal music to employ the three phonemic tones - low, mid and high for word intelligibility, the musicians must however adapt these tones in playing the melo-rhythmic instruments for adequate communication. This is because among Africans, there is often a tonal communication relished between the musicians and the listeners. While literature abounds on tonal communication in Yoruba music, with overt concentration on the ‘talking drums’, there is paucity of academic research on the tonal communication of the Agidigbo. This study thus examines the communicative attributes of the Agidigbo, with musical and contextual analysis of its decoded communications. Oral interviews and bibliographical evidences were used to elicit information. Content analysis was used to process the musical and tonal data generated in the Agidigbo music. This study establishes that although Yoruba musicians are entertainers, they are also regarded as custodians of moral law and habitually encode messages in their music, with its decoding entrusted to their enlightened faithfuls. This is evident in the Agidigbo, an instrument particularly used by the Yoruba people for musical, socio-cultural and linguistic communication. Significantly, this study aids the understanding and decoding of this indigenous instrumental heritage. This paper thus argues for more musicological research on this communicative instrument towards its globalization and conservation.
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    Open Access
    Impacts of Agriculture and Biomass Energy Production on Forest conversion: The Case of Igangan Forest Reserve of Ibarapa Region, South-West Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2017) Soneye, A; Balogun, I; Daramola, A
    Energy and food security are vital needs for human existence. Growing global concerns on fuelwood production and subsistence agriculture are however rooted in the problem of forest degradation activities generally and massive tree felling in particular. The study assessed the relationship between farming and biomass energy activities in Ibarapa region of Oyo state against the environmental problems of deforestation and encroachment into the Igangan Forest Reserve (FR). Data from participatory rural appraisals through Focus Group Discussions, structured interviews and questionnaire administration involving thirty (30) charcoal producers and three hundred and sixty (360) household respondents, were analyzed in a Geographical Information System environment to assess the developments in and around the FR. The results indicate that subsistence agriculture is the most significant of the six major means of livelihood in the study area, while charcoal production, marketing and transportation are gaining prominence increasingly. The consequences of the threats by the land uses to the natural ecosystem and conservation, usually from slash/bush burning and tree felling in the area are established. The fate of the gazetted Igangan FR is also discussed. The study thus advocates the need for aggressive promotion of modern farming techniques while charcoal production activities are strictly monitored for environmental accountability.