Household water insecurity is strongly associated with food insecurity: evidence from 27 sites in low- and middle-income countries.
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Date
2020
Authors
Brewis, A
Workman, C
Wutich, A
Jepson, W
Young, S
The HWISE Research Coordination Network
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Journal of Human Biology
Abstract
Objectives: Food and water insecurity have both been demonstrated as acute and chronic stressors and undermine human health and development. A basic untested proposition is that they chronically coexist, and that household water insecurity is a fundamental driver of household food insecurity.
Methods: We provide a preliminary assessment of their association using cross-sectional data from 27 sites with highly diverse forms of water insecurity in 21 low- and middle-income countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas (N = 6691 households). Household food insecurity and its subdomains (food quantity, food quality, and anxiety around food) were estimated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale; water insecurity and subdomains (quantity, quality, and opportunity costs) were estimated based on similar self-reported data.
Results: In multilevel generalized linear mixed-effect modeling (GLMM), composite water insecurity scores were associated with higher scores for all subdomains of food insecurity. Rural households were better buffered against water insecurity effects on food quantity and urban ones for food quality. Similarly, higher scores for all subdomains of water insecurity were associated with greater household food insecurity.
Conclusions: Considering the diversity of sites included in the modeling, the patterning supports a basic theory: household water insecurity chronically coexists with household food insecurity. Water insecurity is a more plausible driver of food insecurity than the converse. These findings directly challenge development practices in which household food security interventions are often enacted discretely from water security ones.
Description
Scholarly article
Keywords
Household water insecurity , Food insecurity , Water insecurity , Food quality , Human health , Research Subject Categories::MEDICINE::Social medicine
Citation
Brewis A, Workman C, Wutich A, Jepson W, Young S, and the HWISE-RCN*. Household water insecurity is strongly associated with food insecurity: evidence from 27 sites in low- and middle-income countries. American Journal of Human Biology, 2020; 32(1):e23309