Effect of Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) Leaves and Stems on Mitotic Arrest and Induction of Chromosomal Changes in Meristematic Cells of Allium Cepa
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2021-02-25
Authors
Oladipupo, A.R.
Alaribe, S.C.
Akintemi, T.
Coker, H.A.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research
Abstract
Phaulopsis falcisepala is a herb found in the forest zone of West Africa. It is
applied ethnomedicinally for treating wounds and cancer. This study
investigated the chemical constituents, cytotoxicity, and antimitotic
activity of P. falcisepala leaves and stems. Chemical constituents were
evaluated using phytochemical methods. Cytotoxicity was investigated
using brine shrimp lethality and Allium cepa root growth inhibition assays.
Antimitotic activity and induction of chromosomal aberrations were
assessed by cytological examination of treated A. cepa meristematic cells.
Chemical investigation revealed the presence of diverse bioactive chemical
groups, including alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins in
various extracts of the leaves and stems of P. falcisepala. Aqueous and
methanol extracts contained copious amounts of the phytochemicals while
ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts contained moderate to trace amounts.
The extracts demonstrated toxicity against brine shrimps, with LC50 values
in the range 13.1–52.2 µg/mL. The extracts significantly inhibited A. cepa
root growth, with IC50 values in the range 63.91–87.4 µg/mL and 45.34–
81.15µg/mL for 24 and 48 h treatments. The extracts (IC50 values in the
range 46.2–94.23 µg/mL and 30.79–75.81 µg/mL for 24 and 48 h
treatments) produced significant antimitotic effect comparable to or
greater than that of methotrexate (IC50 value >125 µg/mL). Cytological
examinations revealed that the extracts induced mitotic arrest and
chromosomal changes. This study reports for the first time the
phytoconstituents and cytotoxic activity of P. falcisepala supporting its
ethnomedicinal use and could serve as the basis for further
pharmacological studies and isolation of bioactive principles
Description
Scholarly article
Keywords
Phaulopsis falcisepala , Acanthaceae , Chromosomal , Meristematic Cells , Allium Cepa , Research Subject Categories::PHARMACY
Citation
Oladipupo, A., Alaribe, C., Akintemi, T., Coker, H. (2021). 'Effect of Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) Leaves and Stems on Mitotic Arrest and Induction of Chromosomal Changes in Meristematic Cells of Allium Cepa', Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 4(2), pp. 134-147. doi: 10.22034/pcbr.2021.256993.1163