Evaluation of surface water quality indices and ecological risk assessment for heavy metals in scrap yard neighbourhood.
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Date
2016
Authors
Ojekunle, O.Z
Ojekunle, V.O
Adeyemi, A.A
Taiwo, A.G
Adekitan, A.A
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SpringerPlus
Abstract
Pollution of surface water with heavy metals from industrial activities especially those
from scrap yard has caused a major threat to human life exposing man to series of
hazard, diseases, disability and consequently death. This study focuses on water quality
indices of Owode-Onirin and Lafenwa scrap yard with respect to its physicochemical
parameters and heavy metal concentrations by evaluating Heavy Metal Pollution Index
(HPI), Metal Index (MI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). Fifteen water samples
were selected randomly from two locations by purposive sampling methods. Five
heavy metals which includes Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead
(Pb) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and standard analytical procedure
were follow to ensure accuracy. One way analysis of variance was carried out
to analyse the data. The concentrations of the heavy metals were significantly different
between sampling locations. However, the mean concentrations of Cd (0.0121 mg/L)
were found to be above the highest permissible value of Standard Organization of
Nigeria standards for drinking water (SON 2007) and WHO (Guidelines for drinking
water quality: incorporating 1st and 2nd Addlenda. World Health Organization, Geneva,
2004) for drinking water. Although Pb was present in two out of the fifteen water samples
with a mean value of (0.0324 mg/L) which was also above the highest permissible
value. The mean concentrations of Zn (0.2149 mg/L) and Cu (0.0341 mg/L) are found
to be below the highest permissible value of the mentioned guideline while no trace
of Ni was found in the water samples across the two sampling locations. The mean HPI
518.55 is far above the critical value of 100, indicates that selected water samples are
critically polluted with heavy metals. MI revealed low quality water with mean value
4.83, suggests that the selected water is seriously affected with the present of heavy
metal. The Hakanson PERI indicated that of the five heavy metals, the risk coefficient of
Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ni had light levels of contamination while the level of Cd contamination
posed the most serious potential ecological risk, with an index value between
14.1 and 234. The study concluded that order of magnitude to this five heavy metals
contamination is Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni.
Description
Keywords
Heavy Metal Pollution Index , Metal Index , Potential Ecological Risk Index , Scrap yard and surface water
Citation
Ojekunle, O. Z., Ojekunle, V.O., Adeyemi, A. A., Taiwo, A. G., Sangowusi, O. R., Taiwo, A. M., & Adekitan, A. A. (2016). Evaluation of surface water quality indices and ecological risk assessment for heavy metals in scrap yard neighbourhood. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 560.