Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighbourhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria
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Date
2019-06
Authors
Ayoola, S. O.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Syiah Kuala University and supported by Institute of Graduate Studies (PPs).
Abstract
Potentially harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy metals, and hydro chemicals are
often released into the aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to assess the
concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in water samples from two
different points (Mid-stream and downstream), also determine the levels of Lead, Zinc,
Manganese and copper in four commercially important fish species, Pseudotolithus senegalensis
(croaker fish) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga), Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia fish) and Bagrus
bayad (silver catfish) from Makoko water body, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Histopathological profile of
the fish species selected was also examined. The results were compared to the World Health
Organization (WHO) acceptable limit. The concentrations of the heavy metals were analyzed
using Perkin Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pseudotholithus senegalensis had
3.01±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 3.48±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1 as the mean concentration of lead, zinc,
manganese, and copper respectively, while E. fimbriata had 1.06±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 4.14±0.01,
1.04±0.10 mg kg-1, O. mossambicus had 2.09±0.02, 3.11±0.04, 2.48±0.02, 0.62±0.01 mg kg-1 and B.
bayad had 1.53±0.12, 3.61±0.05, 2.44±0.03, 0.66±0.01 mg kg-1 as the mean concentration of these
metals in the tissues of these fishes. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the gills
compared to other organs. The mean concentration of each heavy metal were varied significantly
(p<0.05) depending on the species of fish. In the histological analysis of the tissues, there was
vacuolation of hepatocytes, inflammation, and necrosis. In the muscle, there was a mild lesion,
necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degenerations. But the level of tissue and organ degeneration
is more severe in the gills. The study showed that some levels of these metals were within the
permissible recommended allowed limit for human consumption. It is concluded that Makoko
Lagoon water body and fishes are heavily contaminated with heavy metals.
Description
Keywords
Histopathology, Heavy metals, Fish species, Makoko, Lagos Lagoon, Pollutants
Citation
Ayoola, S.O. (2019). Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighborhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria. Aceh Journal of Animal Science, 4(1): 1-10