Biochemical Studies Of Secondary Metabolite Of Penicillium Chrysogenum Grown On Selected Agro-Wastes
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Date
2012
Authors
ONYEGEME-OKERENTA, B.M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
School of Postgraduate Studies University of Lagos
Abstract
Selected agro-wastes found in Lagos, Nigeria (cassava peels, corncob, sawdust, and
sugarcane pulp) were compared with glucose and lactose as microbial substrates for
cultivating P. chrysogenum (wild strain). This study was designed to give added value to
agro waste as substrates to cultivate P. chrysogenum and subsequent production of
secondary metabolite with antibiotic and anticoagulant properties. In the growth studies,
corn cob and cassava peels significantly (p < 0.05) produced the highest amount of
mycelia weight. Corn cob yielded a mycelia weight of 0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.92 ± 0.04mg/ml
on the third and ninth day respectively while cassava peels yielded a mycelia weight of
0.13 ± 0.07 and 0.12 ± 0.02mg/ml on the third and twelfth day respectively. Mycelia
weight of the organism, in media containing glucose, sugar cane and lactose was 0.12 ±
0.02, 0.068 ± 0.05 and 0.055 ± 0.03mg/ml respectively, was highest on the ninth day.
Sawdust gave the least growth with a mycelia weight of 0.07 ± 0.01mg/ml on the third
day. Cassava media has the highest carbohydrate content. Changes in extracellular
protein secreted into the different media (every 3days for 21days) shows that culture
media containing cassava peels gave the highest protein peak of 0.38 ± 0.08 mg/ml on the
sixth day, while corncob gave an early peak of 0.30 ± 0.03mg/ml on the third day.
Sawdust gave two protein peaks, 0.15 ± 0.03 on the third day and 0.25 ± 0.01mg/ml on
the twelfth day. A total protein yield of 0.2 ± 0.05, 0.08 ± 0.02, 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/ml
respectively was obtained with glucose, sugarcane pulp and lactose containing media on
the third day. The results suggest that cassava peels, corncob and sugarcane pulp could
serve as cheap fermentation substrates for the growth of the fungus. Optimum pH and
temperature of growth and antibiotic production was 6.5 and 25OC respectively. elected agro-wastes found in Lagos, Nigeria (cassava peels, corncob, sawdust, and
sugarcane pulp) were compared with glucose and lactose as microbial substrates for
cultivating P. chrysogenum (wild strain). This study was designed to give added value to
agro waste as substrates to cultivate P. chrysogenum and subsequent production of
secondary metabolite with antibiotic and anticoagulant properties. In the growth studies,
corn cob and cassava peels significantly (p < 0.05) produced the highest amount of
mycelia weight. Corn cob yielded a mycelia weight of 0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.92 ± 0.04mg/ml
on the third and ninth day respectively while cassava peels yielded a mycelia weight of
0.13 ± 0.07 and 0.12 ± 0.02mg/ml on the third and twelfth day respectively. Mycelia
weight of the organism, in media containing glucose, sugar cane and lactose was 0.12 ±
0.02, 0.068 ± 0.05 and 0.055 ± 0.03mg/ml respectively, was highest on the ninth day.
Sawdust gave the least growth with a mycelia weight of 0.07 ± 0.01mg/ml on the third
day. Cassava media has the highest carbohydrate content. Changes in extracellular
protein secreted into the different media (every 3days for 21days) shows that culture
media containing cassava peels gave the highest protein peak of 0.38 ± 0.08 mg/ml on the
sixth day, while corncob gave an early peak of 0.30 ± 0.03mg/ml on the third day.
Sawdust gave two protein peaks, 0.15 ± 0.03 on the third day and 0.25 ± 0.01mg/ml on
the twelfth day. A total protein yield of 0.2 ± 0.05, 0.08 ± 0.02, 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/ml
respectively was obtained with glucose, sugarcane pulp and lactose containing media on
the third day. The results suggest that cassava peels, corncob and sugarcane pulp could
serve as cheap fermentation substrates for the growth of the fungus. Optimum pH and
temperature of growth and antibiotic production was 6.5 and 25OC respectively. UV
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modification of parent strain produced two mutant strains with 70% increase in penicillin
production. In vitro antibacterial activity of the culture extracts was tested against some
clinical bacterial isolates, namely, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa.
Commercial Benzyl Penicillin was used as reference drug. The culture extracts and
standard drug inhibited the growth of B. subtilis and E. coli. Zone of inhibition varied
with the carbon source. Culture extracts and reference drug were not effective against the
isolates of P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis because they produce β-lactamase enzymes
which hydrolyse the β-lactam present in the extract and reference drug. Antibacterial
activity of extracts from cultures containing cassava peels and sugarcane pulp compared
positively with that of the standard drug. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
of the reference drug against the susceptible organisms was 0.2 - 0.4mg/ml. For the
culture extracts, the MIC ranged from 0.4 to 2.0mg/ml. It was 0.4 - 0.8mg/ml for cassava
peels and sugarcane pulp, 0.6 - 0.8mg/ml for glucose and lactose, 0.8 - 1.0mg/ml for
corncob and 1.0 - 2.0mg/ml for sawdust. Toxicity study showed that the extract is safe for
use as there were no visible changes or recorded deaths 48 - 72hours after administration
of the extracts. Haematological evaluation showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in
platelet count for both the extract and reference drug in the sub acute toxicity study as
well as in infection and inflammatory conditions. The extract was shown to have a potent
antithrombic and anticoagulant activities against thrombin and whole blood respectively.
Higher concentrations of the extract and reference drug caused an increase in whole
blood clotting time. At 6mg/ml of the extract and 5mg/ml of the reference drug, clot
formation was not observed. There was complete inhibition of thrombin coagulation at
concentrations above 10 and 20mg/ml of the reference drug and extract respectively
Description
Keywords
Agro-wastes , cassava peels , chrysogenum (wild strain) , inflammatory conditions , Haematological evaluation , Corn cob
Citation
Onyegeme-Okerenta, B.M (2012) Biochemical Studies Of Secondary Metabolite Of Penicillium Chrysogenum Grown On Selected Agro-Wastes. A Thesis Submitted to University of Calabar School of Postgraduate Studies Phd Thesis and Dissertation, 229pp.