Study of Breakage Tendencies of Palm Kernel, Coconut and Periwinkle Shells using Ball-Milling Process
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Date
2018
Authors
Agunsoye, J.O.
Anyanwu, J.E.
Bello, S.A.
Hassan, S.B.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Nigerian Journal of Technological Development
Abstract
The needs for eco-friendly composites have initiated the use of agricultural wastes as possible
replacements for expensive synthetic carbon and glass fillers for metal and polymer strengthening. In this study,
degree of refinement of palm kernel shells, coconut shells and periwinkle shells has been investigated through ballmilling approach. Palm kernel, coconut and periwinkle shells were pulverised using disc grinder and refined using
top-down approach under the same milling conditions. The particles of palm kernel, coconut and periwinkle shells
obtained were analysed and their sizes were determined. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic and X-ray
Diffractometric analyses indicated different compositions of the examined agricultural wastes particles. Imaging
sizing of the particles indicated attainment of nanoparticles when milling for 74 hours at 10 charge ratios for both
carbonized and uncarbonized palm kernel, coconut and periwinkle shells. Comparison of sizes showed that
uncarbonized palm kernel shell has a least grain size among other uncarbonized agricultural waste particles.
Therefore, uncarbonised palm kernel shells have highest breakage tendency among others.
Description
Keywords
Degree, Refinement, Agricultural wastes, Fillers, Milling
Citation
Agunsoye, J.O. Anyanwu, J.E. Bello, S.A. Hassan, S.B. (2018). Study of Breakage Tendencies of Palm Kernel, Coconut and Periwinkle Shells using Ball-Milling Process. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development; 15(3): 102-107