Embryotoxic, Developmental and Genotoxic Evaluations of a Endosulfan and Deltamethrin Mixture on the African Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
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Date
2018-07
Authors
Mumuni, Abdulmujib A.
Sogbanmu, Temitope O.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
West African Journal of Applied Ecology
Abstract
The evaluation of pesticides using early life stages of fish yields high throughput results that can inform one about
the developmental effects of these toxicants. The effects of sublethal concentrations of a commercial mixture of
endosulfan and deltamethrin (ratio 280:2) were evaluated in the embryos and juveniles of Clarias gariepinus.
Embryotoxic and developmental evaluations were conducted in the embryos from 0 - 26 hours post fertilization.
Genotoxic effects were assessed in the erythrocytes of the juveniles using the micronucleus assay over a period
of 28 days. The acute toxicity studies revealed that the 24 hLC50 and 26 hEC50 (non-hatching) values for embryos
were 25.25 μg/L and 12.96 μg/L respectively while the 96 hLC50 value for fingerlings was 12.67 μg/L. Hatching
success was lower in the exposed embryos compared to the control. The percentage developmental abnormalities
and number of heartbeats per minute were statistically higher (p<0.05) in the exposed embryos compared to
the control. Developmental abnormalities observed included pericardial and yolk sac oedema, scoliosis and tail
curvature. The genotoxicity studies showed that there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in micronuclei in the
erythrocytes of the exposed juveniles by days 14 and 28 compared to the control animals. These results imply
that the pesticide mixture can cause a decline in the population of non-target organisms such as fish at sub-lethal
or environmentally realistic concentrations. A review of the use of this pesticide formulation and development of
environmentally friendly methods for pest management are recommended to safeguard non-target organisms such
as the African sharptooth catfish.
Description
Keywords
African sharptooth catfish , Fish embryotoxicity , Micronucleus assay , Pesticide mixture , Aquatic ecosystems , Noon-target animals
Citation
Mumuni, A. A. and Sogbanmu, T. O. (2018). Embryotoxic, developmental and genotoxic evaluations of a endosulfan and deltamethrin mixture on the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus). West African Journal of Applied Ecology 26(1): 1-10.