Persea americana Peel and Seed Extracts Exert Neuroprotective Effects against 3-Nitropropionic Acid Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats.
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Date
2022
Authors
Salami, Y
Ebuehi, O.A.T.
Imaga, NA
Mojekwu, C.N.A
Nwokporo, B.N
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Volume Title
Publisher
Annals of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
Abstract
The relative frequency of occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases has risen dramatically with
greater than ten million people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases annually. Medications
for neurodegenerative diseases are limited and aim to treat the symptoms only, and none to prevent
the continued loss of neurons observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress has been
implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. P. americana is
supposed to have neuroprotective properties due to its reported antioxidant properties. This present
study was designed to determine the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and neuroprotective
effects P. americana extracts upon 3-NP induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. The
qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals, as well as antioxidant activity of P. americana, were
determined. The neuroprotective effect of P. americana against 3-NP induced oxidative stress and
neurodegeneration were determined. Adult male Wistar rats were administered with 3-NP (10 mg/
kg b.w. i.p.) and co-treated with P. americana peel and seed extracts both at two doses (300 and
600 mg/kg b.w. p.o) for 14 days. At the end of the treatment schedule, the rats were evaluated for
behavioral alterations and brain striatum homogenates were used for the estimation of oxidative
stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and reduced glutathione) and catecholamine
(dopamine and serotonin). The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of
phenols, flavonoids tannin, terpenoids, and reducing sugar in the extracts of fruit parts. Saponin,
alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycoside, and anthraquinone were present only in some parts of the
fruit. The flavonoid content (207.18 ± 10.45 to 447.36 ± 5.52 mg/100 mg) and phenolic content
(17.45 ± 2.83 to 53.24 ± 3.42 mg/100 mg) correlated with the antioxidant activities of the fruits.
Administration of 3-NP significantly altered the behavioral and neuronal antioxidant status and
caused significant neuronal damage in the striatal region. Daily administration of P. americana
peel and seed reversed these effects of 3-NP induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in the
rats. Administration of the extracts of the seed and peel significantly (P<0.05) caused a reversal of
behavioral and antioxidant status alterations and improved the catecholamine level depleted by the
induced 3-NP. Therefore, the findings from this study suggest that the neuroprotective effects P.
americana peel and seed extracts against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity might be attributed to their
antioxidant potential.
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Citation
Salami, Y, Ebuehi, O.A.T., Imaga, NA, Mojekwu, C.N.A, Nwokporo, B.N (2022). Persea americana Peel and Seed Extracts Exert Neuroprotective Effects against 3-Nitropropionic Acid Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats. Annals of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 (1): article 1045