Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology- Scholarly Publications

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3751

Browse

Browsing Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology- Scholarly Publications by Author "Adeluola, A.O."

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • Item
    Open Access
    Antibiotics 2020: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Spondias mombin leaves
    (International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2020) Adeluola, A.O.
    Texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Detection of efflux pump activity among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species
    (Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria., 2017-11) Adeluola, A.O.; Oyedeji, K.S.; Mendie, U.E.; Johnson, J.R.; Porter, J.R.
    Purpose: To detect efflux pump activity (EPA) and screening a suspected efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) [1(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-piperazine (TFMBP)], which could help in reducing multi-drug resistance (MDR). Methods: Eighteen isolates, viz, 14 S. aureus, 2 S. lentus, 1 S. xylosus and 1 Micrococcus species from various hospital infections of admitted patients were screened for antibiotics susceptibility to 11 classes of antibiotics including oxacillin and β-lactamase production. Efflux pump activity (EPA) was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique in the presence and absence of TFMBP, the isolates were also screened for MDR genes. Results: All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (10 µg) and penicillin (10 µg), but sensitive to bacitracin (10 µg). Majority of the isolates were MDR 12/18 (66.7 %), 10 (55.6 %) were inducible βlactamase producers and 3 (16.7 %) were intrinsic β-lactamase producers. Seven (38.9 %) were resistant to oxacillin and also produced carbapenemase enzyme. Eight (66.7 %) of the 12 MDR isolates gave evidence of EPA with TFMBP. However, no MDR genes were detected. Conclusion: Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species exhibit EPA in antibiotic resistance while a suitable EPI such as TFMBP when combined with specific antibiotics could help combat this menace.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Detection, inhibition and molecular analysis of multidrug resistant aerobic Gram-negative clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
    (Bioline International, African Journals online (AJOL), 2018-01) Adeluola, A.O.; Oyedeji, K.S.; Mendie, U.E.; Johnson, J.R.; Porter, J.R.
    The challenge of combating the ever emerging multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates in the face of a slow rate of discovery of new classes of antibiotics is a problem in antibiotic chemotherapy. This study was aimed at (i) linking phenotypic antibiotic drug-resistance characteristics detected in randomly-sampled clinical isolates with detectable genetic markers. (ii) screening a suspected efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) [1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-piperazine (TFMBP)], which could be helpful in combating this challenge. Fifty-one isolates; 28 Klebsiella pneumonia, 3 E. Coli, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 E. aerogenes, 5 Proteus mirabilis, 4 Providencia rettgeri, 1 P. stuartii, 1 Serratia liquefaciens, 6 S. odorifera, and 1 Acinetobacter baumannii obtained from infections of urinary tract, upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, ear swab, eye swab, and blood culture were screened for (i) antibiotic-susceptibility over a range of 11 classes of antibiotics, (ii) β-lactamase production, (iii) ESBL production and (iv) Efflux pump activity (EPA) in the presence and absence of 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl) benzyl]-piperazine (TFMBP). Molecular analysis was done using DNA extraction by boiling and the randomly-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide at 10 µg/ml and visualized by UV trans-illumination. AmpC β-lactamase (4%) and K1 β-lactamase (5.8%) were detected with no carbapenemase producers. AcrA and AcrB marker genes were detected in 12% of the isolates while blaCTX-M (8%) and blaTEM (4%) were also detected. Antibiotic resistance due to EPA can be combated with a suitable EPI as demonstrated by TFMBP when combined with specific antibiotics.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Molecular Basis of Resistance I
    (Bentham Science Publishers Amazon.com, 2020) Adeluola, A.O.; Oyedeji, K.S.
    Texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Physicochemical and microbiological evaluation of acid modified native starch derived from Borassus aethiopum (Arecaceae) shoot
    (Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria, 2018-05) Azubuike, C.P.; Adeluola, A.O.; Mgboko, M.S.; Madu, S.J.
    Purpose: To evaluate the physicochemical properties and microbiological quality of Borassus aethiopum shoot acid-modified starch (AMS) for potential pharmaceutical applications. Methods: Modification of Borassus aethiopum native starch (NS) was carried out using 6 % w/v HCl at 37 ± 2 oC for 192 h. The AMS was characterised for their morphological, micromeritics, rheological, thermal properties as well as their microbiological quality using standard protocols. Results: AMS demonstrated increased aqueous solubility, crystallinity and slight increase in flow properties. There was a reduction in swelling and hydration capacities, amylose content as well as viscosity of the modified starch. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the integrity of the modified starch granules were maintained and there was no disruption of the granular structure. Fourier transform infrared spectrophometer data confirmed the hydrolysis of NS with the increase in the intensity of the O-H stretch. AMS met United States Pharmacopoeia requirements in terms of microbiological quality, however, there was presence of Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: Modification of Borassus aethiopum shoot starch by acid treatment led to desirable improvement in some of its physicochemical properties which could improve its functional properties in pharmaceutical industries.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Physicochemical and microbiological evaluation of acidmodified native starch derived from Borassus aethiopum (Arecaceae) shoot
    (Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria, 2018-05) Azubuike, C.P.; Adeluola, A.O.; Mgboko, M.S.; Madu, S.J.
    Purpose: To evaluate the physicochemical properties and microbiological quality of Borassus aethiopum shoot acid-modified starch (AMS) for potential pharmaceutical applications. Methods: Modification of Borassus aethiopum native starch (NS) was carried out using 6 % w/v HCl at 37 ± 2 oC for 192 h. The AMS was characterised for their morphological, micromeritics, rheological, thermal properties as well as their microbiological quality using standard protocols. Results: AMS demonstrated increased aqueous solubility, crystallinity and slight increase in flow properties. There was a reduction in swelling and hydration capacities, amylose content as well as viscosity of the modified starch. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the integrity of the modified starch granules were maintained and there was no disruption of the granular structure. Fourier transform infrared spectrophometer data confirmed the hydrolysis of NS with the increase in the intensity of the O-H stretch. AMS met United States Pharmacopoeia requirements in terms of microbiological quality, however, there was presence of Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: Modification of Borassus aethiopum shoot starch by acid treatment led to desirable improvement in some of its physicochemical properties which could improve its functional properties in pharmaceutical industries.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial evaluation, and detection of caffeine and aspirin in herbal remedies used to treat typhoid fever
    (Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, 2018) Igbokwe, N.H.; Adeluola, A.O.; Idowu, A.O.; Ugbo, S.
    The use of herbal medicines among Nigerians and the tendency by patients to combine this class of medicines with allopathic drugs is on the increase. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial quality, phytochemical screening, and detection of orthodox drugs (caffeine and aspirin) present in locally prepared herbal remedies “ Agbo ” indicated for typhoid fever. Phytochemical screening of different herbal samples for typhoid was carried out. The antimicrobial activity of these samples was evaluated against enteric bacteria: Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Investigation of the presence of aspirin and caffeine in most acidic samples was also carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The investigated herbal remedies for typhoid fever revealed an array of potential phytochemicals: Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins, Cardiac glycosides, Reducing sugars, Flavonoids, Steroids, and Terpenoids. Only one (5%) of the 20 samples investigated possessed antimicrobial activity against the enteric organisms with minimal zone of inhibition. All the samples investigated possessed traces of caffeine while 70% contained caffeine and aspirin. Although the herbal preparations known as “ Agbo typhoid ” showed an array of phytochemicals, caution should be exercised in their consumption since they were found inactive against the causative organism for typhoid fever, Salmonella typhi. The introduction of orthodox drugs to herbal remedies is unacceptable since there could be unhealthy interactions. The presence of caffeine and aspirin in “ Agbo ” could be deleterious to health
  • Item
    Open Access
    Processing and Evaluation of Locally Sourced Kaolin for Pharmaceutical Production
    (Natural Product Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin., 2018-08-10) Adeluola, A.O.; Ezeobiora, E.C.; Mendie, U.E.
    Cheaper and readily available natural clay deposits in Nigeria, may serve as good sources of pharmaceutical raw material. This work sought to process, characterize and evaluate locally sourced kaolin for drug production. Kaolin samples were locally sourced from Abia state and Ogun state of Nigeria. Purification was done through wet processing and chemical treatment of the samples. Chemical leaching was done using 2mol/l, 4mol/l and 8mol/l concentrations of hydrochloric acid with subsequent boiling for 6 hours. They were subjected to identification test for kaolin , carbonate test and iron limit test. The physicochemical properties were assessed. Samples were characterized using X-Ray Flourescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and micrograph. The raw, treated and standard kaolin samples were assessed for microbiological quality. The physicochemical properties and microbial limit tests for their formulated suspensions were also assessed. All the treated powdered samples, complied with pharmacopoeial standards for kaolin. The micrograph showed that the particles are small, clustered and granular. Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Aspergillus spp. and Histoplasma spp. were identified only in the raw kaolin samples, while the Acid treated samples had acceptable pharmacopoeial standards for microbial limit . XRF, XRD and FT-IR results revealed that 2 mol/l HCl treated samples gave better pharmaceutical grade kaolin. The suspensions formulated from the treated kaolin samples showed good physicochemical properties and microbial limit. This research reveals that Wet Processing Technique and 2 mol/l HCl leaching is suitable for processing locally sourced kaolin for drug production