Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology- Scholarly Publications

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3751

Browse

Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 5 of 115
  • Item
    Open Access
    Molecular Basis of Resistance I
    (Bentham Science Publishers Amazon.com, 2020) Adeluola, A.O.; Oyedeji, K.S.
    Texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Antibiotics 2020: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Spondias mombin leaves
    (International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2020) Adeluola, A.O.
    Texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Evaluationof antibacterial activity, acute toxicity in mice and phytochemical profiles of hydroethanolic extract of Stachytarphetaangustifolia (Mill) Vahl. Plant .
    (2008) Enwuru N.V; Ogbonnia S.O; Nkemehule F.; Enwuru C.A; Tolani O.
    The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity, acute toxicity in mice and phytochemical profiles of hydroethanolic extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia plant. The plant S. angustifolia has attracted the attention of the researchers because of its use as an anti-infection agent. The aqueous ethanol (80%) extract of the powdered dried whole plant was obtained by maceration. The bacteria organisms tested include Shigella dysentriae (ATCC 32412), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 213415), and the following clinical isolates: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli. Susceptibility test, acute toxicity test and phytochemical screening of the plant extract were performed using standard procedures. The results showed that the extract had a good antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. dysentriae, coagulasenegative Staphylococcus and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be between 11.6 and 14.0 mg/ml for the susceptible organisms. The extract exhibited minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 150 mg/ml against S. dysentriae only while other susceptible tested bacteria strains required higher concentrations. The median acute toxicity value (LD50) of the extract was determined to be 8.721 g/kg body weight indicating the extract as being slightly toxic. The extract contained triterpenoid saponins as the major bioactive constituent.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Metallo-Β Lactamase Production by Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Species Isolated from Hospital and Community Subjects in Lagos, Nigeria.
    (2011) Enwuru N.V; Enwuru C.A; Ogbonnia S.O; Adepoju-Bello A.A
    Metallo β-lactamases (MBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae are of clinical concern globally. β-Lactam antibiotic is the treatment option for serious bacterial infections. Carbapenems is active against Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, particularly, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia; Cephalosporinases and carbapenemases producers as well. This study was designed to evaluate Metallo β-Lactamase producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp amongst hospitalized and community subjects in Lagos Nigeria, between March and July 2008. Sixty bacteria from hospital and community were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility and Metallo- β-Lactamase-Production were determined using Disk Diffusion method, Double Disk Synergy Test and Combined Disk Test respectively. Carbapenems had the highest (100%) activity against the bacteria tested. Two strains of Kleb. spp susceptible to imipenem were found to be MBL producers. Ceftazidime had 52% resistance in both organisms. Among the 17 strains of E. coli from hospital patients, 7 were resistant to ceftazidime and were found to be MBL producers. Out of the 24 Kleb. spp (hospital) tested, 8 were resistant to ceftazidime, and 4/8 were subsequently found to be MBL producers. One E. coli and two Kleb. spp were resistant to ceftazidime; and only one strain of Kleb. spp was found to be MBL producer from the community. Metallo-β-Lactamase in E. coli and Kleb Spp. is a threat within the hospital and community studied from the public health view point. Early detection of MBL-producers routinely in clinical laboratories is a tool for its containment and is hereby advocated.
  • Item
    Open Access
    The Occurrence and Modified Method for Phenotypic Identification of Ambler Group A and B Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases Production in Urino-Genital Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates from, Nigeria.
    (2013) Enwuru C.A; Iwalokun B.; Enwuru N.V; Ezechi O.; Idika N.; Oluwadun A.
    Beta lactamase enzymes production in gram negative bacteria (GNB) grouped into four Ambler classe: A – D, remains a formidable threat to therapeutic interventions and impact negatively on the course and outcome of infections in patients worldwide. Routine β -lactamase screening is a standard for clinical bacteriology laboratories especially for gram negative pathogens of extra-intestinal origin medicated often with third and fourth generation cephalosporins. However, routine phenotypic screening methods (DDT and DDST) as recommended by CLSI for class A and B respectively have been found not sustainable in resource poor settings such as Nigeria, as a result of cost and cumbersomeness. This study was designed to study the occurrence and evaluate the performance of a modified DDT and DDST methods for phenotypic identification of Ambler class A and B - β-lactamase production in GNB for routine use in the clinical laboratories. A total of 63 consecutive non-repetitive gram-negative bacterial isolates from urino-genital specimens of men attending fertility clinic were studied. There were 10 different species of bacteria: with E. coli 23/63 (36.5%) and Enterobacter spp. 12/63 (19%) having the highest occurrence. Groups A and B β-Lactamases were screened with CLIS recommended phenotypic methods (DDT and DDST respectively) for Enterobacteriaceae and a modified agar plate (co-detection in a single lawn culture plate) and the results were compared. Of the 63 bacteria screened, 18 (29%) produced Ambler group A and 7 (11%) demonstrated heteroresistant sub-population. Eleven (17.5%) were Ambler group B positive. One (1.5 %) strain showed hetero-resistant subpopulation and negative for Metallo β-Lactamase production. Out of the 18 group A and 11 group B ESBLs producing isolates by standard methods, 16 (89 %) and 10 (91%) were positive on the modified method respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 88.9 % and 100% for group A and 91% and 100% for group B β-Lactamases, respectively. The positive predictive values of 100% were recorded for both. The highest co-production of both enzymes was amongst Serratia spp. 2/3. The result has demonstrated 29 % group A and 17.5 % group B ESBLs occurrence and that the modified method (less expensive, time saving and less cumbersome) is comparatively sensitive with the standard DDT and DDST methods recommended by CLSI and is equally recommended.