Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Scholarly Publications

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Browsing Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Scholarly Publications by Author "Aina, B.A."

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    Open Access
    Cigarette smoking among healthcare professional students of University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2009-01) Aina, B.A.; Oyerinde, O.O.; Joda, A.E.; Oyetunde, O.O.
    Background: It is a known fact that health professionals can play a critical role in reducing tobacco use. In fact, it has been shown that even brief and simple advice from health care professionals can substantially increase smoking cessation rates. Students in healthcare professions are future healthcare professionals, identifying and documenting their knowledge, attitudes and practices with regards to tobacco smoking would shed light as to their future effectiveness in providing this much needed public health initiative in their practices. Objective: This research was carried out to determine cigarette smoking habit among healthcare professional students of University of Lagos and Nursing students of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Data was collected by the use of a structured, self administered questionnaire which was aimed at determining their smoking status and their attitudes. The target population was first and final professional year students representing the two class extremes and attempt was made to survey all the students that fell within this identified target population without randomization. Data was collected between March and June 2007 Results: Out of 814 qualified participants, 433 responded to the questionnaire (53%). Smoking prevalence was highest among dental students (8.48%) while both Physiotherapy and Nursing students had nil prevalence rates. Overall, the current smoking prevalence was 3.93%. There was no statistically significant difference between the smoking habits of first year and final year students (p= 0.99). Based on Fagerstrom nicotine addiction test, only a small proportion of the current smokers can be classified as being maximally addicted (6.0%). Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that smoking prevalence is low among healthcare professional students at the University of Lagos and this is a good indication that they would play critical role in reducing tobacco use. It is recommended that a tobacco counselling unit should be set up by the school authorities.
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    Open Access
    Diabetes-related Distress and Self-care Practices among Patients attending two Secondary Care Hospitals in Lagos – A strategy for tailored Interventions
    (2019-06-23) Onwuchuluba, E.E.; Aina, B.A.; Ngolube, P.; Ogbonna, B.
    Background: The challenges of diabetes mellitus are huge. Keeping up with the daily requirements of a life-long chronic illness is rigorous. Objectives: This study assessed diabetes-related distress and self-care practices and determined the extent to which they impact each other. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among patients attending follow-up diabetic clinic of two secondary health care facilities in Lagos over a three-month period. One hundred and seventy-six type 2 diabetes patients that met the inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited. Patients’ diabetes-related distress and self-care practices were assessed using a interviewer-administered questionnaire that incorporated two validated measures - The Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS17) and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA: 11 items). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. P-values of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 176 respondents, 70% were females, 73.9% were 51 years and above and 67% had poor glycaemic control (FBS=135.7 ± 47.48mg/dl). The mean score for Total Diabetes Distress (TDD) is 2.89 ± 0.90. Majority (64%) viewed emotional burden (3.30± 1.38) and regimen-related distress (3.35± 1.45) as moderate distress. Dieting was adequate among respondents with “Special diet” being the most frequently practiced (3.58±1.73 days/week). Dieting is associated with total diabetes distress, emotional burden, regimen-related distress and physician-related distress (˂0.001). Regimen-related distress is also associated with glycaemic control (p=0.037). Conclusion: Diabetes distress and low self-care practices are common and impact each other. Targeted interventions incorporating emotional support and effective communication is critical.
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    Open Access
    Management of acute diarrhea in children by community pharmacists in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Pharm Pract (Granada), 2014-01) Ogbo, P.U.; Aina, B.A.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.
    BACKGROUND: Acute diarrhea in children leads to dehydration and death if not appropriately managed. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends treating diarrhea with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), fluids and foods. Proper management is hinged on accurate assessment of patients to identify the acute watery diarrhea. OBJECTIVE: To compare the knowledge and attitude of community pharmacists in the management of acute diarrhea in children with their observed practice. METHODS: THIS STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT USING TWO INSTRUMENTS: structured self administered questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitude of community pharmacists in the management of acute diarrhea in children and simulated patient visits to evaluate assessment of patients, recommendation of products and instructions on feeding and fluid intake. The simulated patient visits were done in 186 pharmacies in the city of Lagos, Nigeria. RESULTS: The study reveals that the knowledge and attitude of community pharmacists in the management of acute diarrhea in children was different from their observed practice. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). During the simulations, 23% carried out appropriate assessment before recommending any products, and 15% recommended ORT alone. Although information to the pharmacists indicated non-dysentery, non-cholera, acute watery diarrhea, antibiotics and antidiarrheals were irrationally recommended and these were the mainstay of symptoms' management in practice. Questionnaire data revealed that 24% of pharmacists knew the correct instructions to give on food and fluid intake during diarrhea, whereas 8% followed WHO guideline on food and fluid intake during the visits. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of patients to determine acute diarrhea was inadequate. Observed practice in managing acute diarrhea in children was inappropriate and significantly different from their claims in the questionnaire. The recommendation of ORT was scanty and advice on food and fluid intake was inadequate and sometimes inappropriate. This study shows that only 15% of community pharmacists managed acute diarrhea in children according to the WHO guidelines.
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    Pre and Post-natal drug therapy in Lagos University Teaching Hospital - A 5 year retrospective study
    (1997) Eniojukan, J.F.; Maduagwu, E.E.; Aina, B.A.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Quality assessment of ciprofloxacin tablets obtained from community pharmacies in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Ife Journal of Science, 2018) Joda, A.E.; Tayo, F; Aina, B.A.
    Ciprofloxacin is increasingly being used in the management of various cases of infectious diseases including gonorrhoea and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. As bioavailability and bioequivalence of drug products (especially multi-sourced products) and product selection have emerged as critical issues in healthcare, it is essential that products used in patient management are of acceptable quality. Using a sampling frame of community pharmacists in Lagos obtained from the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) Lagos State Branch, sixteen brands of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) tablets were purchased from selected pharmacies for the study. Physicochemical tests were carried out according to BP (2007) specifications. The results showed that the products had acceptable physical quality thus satisfactory in appearance, size and ability to abrade or be crushed. All but one of the brands tested passed the dissolution tests. A quarter of the brands tested (25%) did not pass the chemical assay test i.e. percentage content of active ingredient. The study concluded that not all the products tested are of sufficiently good quality with up to four brands failing the chemical assay test. This may be due to deliberate counterfeiting, failure of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) by manufacturers or poor handling by wholesalers/retailers. This has serious impact on healthcare delivery and public health. The study recommends effective post marketing surveillance and enforcement of cGMP. Future analytical studies on ciprofloxacin should consider dissolution testing in solutions of different pH.
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    Open Access
    Undergraduate Students’ Knowledge and Practice of Gonorrhea and other Sexually Transmitted Infections
    (Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2013-10) Joda, A.E.; Tayo, F.; Aina, B.A.
    Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents and youth (15-24 years) are the age groups at the greater risk for acquiring them. Also a large percentage of new STIs occur in this age group with 7000 young people worldwide acquiring the infection every day. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are poorly recognized and inadequately treated in Nigeria despite the fact that they constitute a major risk factor for sexual transmission of HIV infection. The shortage of trained human resources is among the most important obstacles to strengthening health systems in low-income countries. Objective: This study is to document the knowledge and practice of undergraduate students about gonorrhoea and other STIs as a baseline survey for future intervention work. Methods: It was a questionnaire-based, cross sectional descriptive study of the knowledge and practice of STIs among students in the seven public tertiary academic institutions in Lagos State using list obtained from the Lagos State Ministry of Education. Thirty (30) students who agreed to be surveyed were conveniently selected from each school. Pre-tested, semi-structured, validated questionnaires were administered and collected back. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using EPI Info, SPSS version 15 and Microsoft Excel. Results were considered to be statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: Majority of the respondents were of the 21 - 25 year age range (48%) and were mainly single (95%), Christian (61%) and Yoruba (81%). About 51% of the respondents had at least good knowledge of gonorrhoea and other STIs. Knowledge about symptoms and transmission was higher than knowledge of prevention, consequences and drugs. Among those that are sexually active 24% do not use condom while 10% reuse condom. Use of both modern and traditional medical practitioners (TMP) was documented among the students. Conclusions: Awareness programs with key messages about gonorrhoea and other STIs should be developed and circulated widely in tertiary institutions in the state to improve students' practice. Also strategies to embrace TMP for STI management should be evolved.