Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Scholarly Publications

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    Open Access
    Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding Hepatisis B virus among health care workers in a Tertiary Health facility in Northeastern Nigeria
    (2018) Yakubu, S.I.; Ikunaiye, N.Y.; Denue, B.A.; Haliru, A.; Tijjani, A.B.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; David, E.A.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Ethanol content of Alcoholic and herbal beverages in Nigerian Market
    (2019) Ogah, C.O.; Nwaeze, K.U.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Ambrose, P.O.
    Background: Alcoholic and herbal beverages contain varied amounts of ethanol expressed as percent volume by volume (%v/v). Alcohol is a modifiable risk factor in many diseases and the products are hardly tested in Nigeria for verification of their label claims. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the concentration of ethanol in various brands of alcoholic and herbal beverages and compare values with the label claims. Methods: Fifteen brands each of alcoholic and herbal beverages were non-alcoholic solvent, tri-n-butyl phosphate and centrifuged to obtain a clear supernatant. T Only 20% of the herbal samples had ethanol contents that matched their label claims. Conclusion: Many of the samples (67%) had ethanol concentrations that were statistically different from their label claims.
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    Open Access
    Perception of patients accessing out-patient pharmacy on the quality of phamaceutical services in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2016) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Musa, P.G.; Soremekun, R.O.; Abah, I.O.; Adeyemi, O.C.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Comparative incidence of adverse drug reaction during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigerian HIV infected Cohort
    (2021) Abah, I.O.; Dayom, W.D.; Dangiwa, D.A.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Anejo-Okopi, J.; Agbaji, O.O.; Kanki, P.; Aguiyi, J.C.
    Background: Despite close to two decades of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria, data on late on-onset ART-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are sparse. Objectives: To describe early and late-onset ADRs and compare their incidence in an outpatient HIV positive Cohort on ART. Method:We described the incidence of clinical ADRs identified and documented in an outpatient clinic cohort of HIV-pos- itive patients treated between June 2004 and December 2015 at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Incidence rates of ADRs during the first and subsequent years of ART were compared. Results: of the 13,983 patients’ data analyzed, 9317 were females (66%), and those in the age bracket of 25 to 45 years made up 78% of the studied population. During 52,411 person-years (py) of ART, 1485 incident ADRs were recorded; Incidence rate (IR) 28.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.9:29.8) ADRs per 1000 person-years (py) of ART. The IR of ADRs was about two times higher in the first year of ART compared to subsequent years of treatment; crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.77 (95% CI 1.59:1.97). Anemia, hypersensitivity reactions, and nervous system disorders had 7, 23, and 5 times higher incidence, respectively, in the first year of therapy, compared to subsequent years. Conclusion: The first year of ART is the period of highest risk of ADRs. Individual and programmatic treatment success in resource-limited settings requires strategies for early identification and management of ADR during the period of greatest risk of ADRs.
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    Open Access
    Impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial in Nigeria
    (2021-04) David, E.A.; Soremekun, R.O.; Abah, I.O.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.
    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, degenerative disease, requiring a multi-dimensional, multi-professional care by healthcare providers and substantial self-care by the patients, to achieve treatment goals. Objective: To evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control in patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: In a parallel group, single-blind randomised controlled study; type 2 diabetic patients, with greater than 7% glycated haemoglobin (A1C) were randomised into intervention and usual care groups and followed for six months. Glycated haemoglobin analyzer, lipid analyzer and blood pressure monitor/apparatus were used to measure patients' laboratory parameters at baseline and six months. Intervention group patients received pharmacist-structured care, made up of patient education and phone calls, in addition to usual care. In an intention to treat analysis, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare median change at six months in the primary (A1C) and secondary outcome measures. Effect size was computed and proportion of patients that reached target laboratory parameters were compared in both arms. Results: All enrolled participants (108) completed the study, 54 in each arm. Mean age was 51 (SD 11.75) and majority were females (68.5%). Participants in the intervention group had significant reduction in A1C of -0.75%, compared with an increase of 0.15% in the usual care group (p<0.001; eta-square= 0.144). The proportion of those that achieved target A1C of <7% at 6 months in the intervention and usual care group was 42.6% vs 20.8% (p=0.02). Furthermore, intervention patients were about 3 times more likely to have better glucose control; A1C<7% (aOR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.14-6.46) compared to usual care group, adjusted for sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Pharmacist-led care significantly improved glycaemic control in patients with uncontrolled T2DM. Keywords: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin A; Glycemic Control; Intention to Treat Analysis; Nigeria; Patient Education as Topic; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacists; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic.