Civil & Environmental Engineering- Conference Papers

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Browsing Civil & Environmental Engineering- Conference Papers by Author "Adeboje, A.O."

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    Open Access
    Engineering properties of concrete with sand partially substituted with crumb rubber
    (Wessex Institute of Technology Press, 2018) Adeboje, A.O.; Kupolati, W.K.; Sadiku, E.R.; Ndambuki, J.M.
    The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of substituting sand content in concrete mixes with small proportions of crumb rubber on the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. The influence of crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of the concrete mixes was evaluated at early and prolonged ages, in addition to the conventional standard age. The microstructural property of the crumb rubber modified concrete samples was evaluated by testing and characterizing concrete samples obtained from the central part of the concrete cubes which were cured for 28 days. The properties of concrete samples were obtained from slump, bulk density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy tests. The results showed improvement in the mechanical properties of the concrete samples with increase in the age of curing in water. It further revealed that substitution of certain proportion of sand with crumb rubber could result in concrete with slightly improved mechanical properties of the crumb rubber modified concrete whereas substitution of greater quantities of sand with crumb rubber can lead to reduction in the strength parameters of the concrete samples. The microstructural characteristics of the concrete specimens substantiated the trend in the mechanical properties of the concrete samples
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    Open Access
    Engineering Properties of used and unused soil in a developing country
    (University of Ilorin, 2012-07) Adeboje, A.O.; Olaniyan, O.S.; Oladeji, O.S.; Osuolale, O.M.
    It is difficult to assess the strength parameters of lateritic soils from existing literature due to variability in test methods, degree of compaction and soil characteristics. This paper describes some significant engineering properties of both used and unused laterite soils, and also examines the reusability of laterite soil in construction of local houses. Disturbed samples of both used and unused laterite soils were investigated. The tests carried out are sieve analysis, atterberg limits, specific gravity, british standard compaction, air-dry moisture content, triaxial compression and compressive strength. The results from the study revealed that the geotechnical properties of the unused laterite soil samples are better than that of the used laterite soil samples. The compressive strength of unused laterite soil is greater than that of used laterite soil hence they are more suitable, preferable and safer to be used for construction of local houses than the used laterite soil. The used laterite soil can however be re-used or reutilized to build local houses by addition of 0.5% portland cement. Futhermore, addition of 0.75% portland cement to the used laterite soil makes it stronger and more suitable for construction than the unused laterite soil.
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    Open Access
    Reduction of Traffic Congestion and Carbon Emissions Through Park and Ride Transportation System
    (Covenant University, 2016) Rikhotso, J.T.; Ndambuki, J.M.; Kupolati, W.K.; Adeboje, A.O.; Kambole, C.
    Traffic congestion results in low vehicular speed, longer trip time, queuing, and blockage of movement coupled with increased demand of space beyond the road capacity. The transportation sector causes 13% of the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG). It is a sector which is still developing. The fumes from cars contributes majorly to GHG emission. This work investigated park and ride facility as an optimal means of ameliorating congestion and hectic traffic situation within the City of Tshwane’s Central Business District (CBD) with a view to lowering greenhouse gases and their impacts on the climate. Traffic counts were conducted on heavily congested routes leading to the CBD and structured questionnaires were administered within the CBD. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emitted by traffic within the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM) was estimated and the amount of CO2 to be reduced by using park and ride facilities was determined. Traffic volumes on the selected routes indicated a heavy reliance of over 70% on passenger cars as a mode of entry and exit to the CBD of the city. The survey conducted also showed that about 89% of the people interviewed may be delayed by traffic jams when they are going to work. Fifty-four percent of the respondents indicated intention to use park and ride facilities provided it would guarantee safety, security and reliability. The study also revealed that the use of park and ride transportation system may reduce 96.2% carbon emission by cars traveling along the A Re Yeng Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line in the city. Park and ride may be further researched for the feeder systems of the A Re Yeng BRT and within townships in the city of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality.
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    Open Access
    Sustainable Non-Motorized Transport for Ga-Rankuwa and Rosslyn Transport Corridor, City of Tshwane, South Africa.
    (Covenant University, 2016) Kambole, Chewe; Jantjies, M.; Ndambuki, J.M.; Kupolati, W.K.; Adeboje, A.O.
    A sustainable transportation system is safe, affordable and accessible. It connects different modes of transportation in order to achieve efficient movement. A sustainable transport system is one that is economical and friendly to the environment. All trips in private and public transport begin and end with walking. Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) plays a key role in completion of any journey from origin to destination. However, this mode of transport is not used optimally to enhance sustainable transport, especially where public transport is concerned. The main objective of the research was to evaluate an optimal combination of transport modes for trips made by BMW employees residing in Ga-Rankuwa north of Pretoria, in order to reduce cost of transport. The travel behaviour of BMW employees was investigated by first studying secondary data on the Municipal Household Survey (MHS) and Integrated Transport Plan (ITP) of Tshwane City. The secondary data was supplemented with primary data which was sourced by interviewing the BMW’s human resources department and conducting trip studies between Rosslyn and Ga-Rankuwa. The trip pattern of workers of BMW was evaluated to know the origin-destination, journey period and transportation cost of the trips. The movement patterns of the BMW workers were grouped into four categories. The patterns were subjected to optimization using linear programming which included the subsisting movement pattern. The trip patterns developed were based on relevant literature. The BMW workers’ movement from home to work was optimized. Their movement to work constituted a transportation challenge or problem; and was solved using simplex technique, a linear programming approach. The model was subjected to a sensitivity analysis and the results were analysed. It was found that the most patronized transportation mode for the trips between Rosslyn and Ga-Rankuwa was taxi. It was further discovered that BMW workers expended R18.47 averagely on movement from home to work through taxis. The recognition of cycling, a means of movement within short distances, allows for additional trip patterns as available options for commuters. The integration of cycling as a feeder system to trains resulted in 36% trip cost reduction for the commuters. The research revealed that while less than 45% of the employees may continue to use the present scenario, more than 55% of the employees may use a combination of cycling and trains. The study suggested that similar work should be done to cover other economic and important routes in order to encourage the use of cycling as a link to other transportation modes in other industrial areas of the City of Tshwane.
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    Open Access
    Utilization of Wastewater Sludge for Lightweight Concrete
    (International Network on Appropriate Technology (INAT), 2018) Mojapelo, K.S.; Kupolati, W.K.; Ndambuki, J.M.; Ibrahim, I.D.; Adeboje, A.O.; Kambole, C.
    The increasing population has resulted in higher generation of domestic and industrial wastewater sludge. The sludge ends up as landfill in designated areas, which makes the land unusable. The search for lightweight materials for construction has led to the use of sludge as a viable replacement for the basic composition of concrete, due its low density. The dry sludge collected from Polokwane Waste Water Treatment Works in Limpopo Province was used as partial replacement of sand in concrete. The sludge content in sand was varied from 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, to 12.5%. The outcomes of the analysis indicate that the addition of dry sludge in concrete mix is viable and effective. The result showed that up to 7.5% of sand can be replaced with dry sludge in concrete for structural applications. In addition, the use of dry sludge as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete has little or no effect on the environment