Department of Preventive Dentistry

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Browsing Department of Preventive Dentistry by Author "Adeniyi, A.A"

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    Open Access
    Effect of Glycemic Control on Periodontal Disease and Caries Experience in Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow, 2019) Oyapero, A; Adeniyi, A.A; Sofola, O.O; Ogbera, A.O
    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a diverse set of metabolic disorders initiated by either a lack of insulin, opposition to its action, or both. The aim of this study was to assess the association between glycemic control and the periodontal/caries status of controlled diabetic patients at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. Materials and Methods: Forty‑eight diabetic patients with good glycemic control demonstrated by three consecutive results in their medical records and who gave informed consent were enlisted and screened for periodontal disease and dental caries. Glycemic control was assessed using fasting blood sugar, 2‑h postprandial, and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). Caries was assessed by decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) while oral hygiene index, gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were used to assess periodontal health. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 18 and test of statistical significance was done using Chi‑square test and ANOVA test. A P ≤ 0.05 was recorded as statistically significant. Results: The PPD and CAL of the participants were significantly associated with their glycemic levels. Those with increased glycemic values had greater attachment loss and pocket depth. Gingival inflammation and oral hygiene were however not significantly associated with glycemic control. Respondents above 65 years similarly had significantly higher numbers of missing teeth (P = 0.04) and greater mean DMFT values (P = 0.03). Similarly, respondents above 66 years of age, those who had no education, and females were observed to have worse oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and periodontal destruction evidenced by CAL and PPD than other respondents, even though the association was not significant. Conclusion: Oral health manifestations of diabetes need to be emphasized like other systemic diabetic complications. The salient role of glycemic control in periodontal health should also be continuously emphasized among diabetics.
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    Open Access
    Impact of Oral Health Education and Oral Prophylaxis on Quality of life of Controlled Diabetic Patients in Lasuth
    (Journal of Oral Hygiene and Health, 2015) Oyapero, A.I; Adeniyi, A.A; Sofola, O.O; Ogbera, A.O
    Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia. In the oral cavity, diabetes mellitus may lead to salivary dysfunction, increased susceptibility of oral tissues to trauma and periodontal disease. There is a possibility that oral health education and oral prophylaxis may have a positive impact on the OHRQOL of diabetic patients. The purpose of this study therefore, was to evaluate the impact of Oral Health Education and oral prophylaxis on the OHRQOL of diabetic patients at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja (LASUTH) using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). The study subjects had an interviewer-administered questionnaire employed to obtain information on their biodata, baseline OHIP-14 scores and periodontal/glycaemic parameters. They then received oral prophylaxis and oral health education and were reviewed at one, three and six months respectively. After 6 months, the periodontal and glycaemic parameters of the subjects were recorded again and the OHIP-14 form was used to evaluate the impact of the interventions on their OHRQOL. At baseline, subjects reported moderate and high impacts on their quality of life in the sub-domains of discomfort, pain, self-consciousness and embarrassment. The prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis in this study population was 37.5%. At the 6 months review, there was a significant reduction in the Fasting Blood Sugar and 2 hours Post Prandial glucose of the subject was compared to baseline scores. There was also a significant mean reduction in the periodontal parameters and an improvement in the OHRQOL of the subjects. The greatest improvement in OHRQOL was in the subdomain of discomfort, pain, self-consciousness and embarrassment. This study demonstrated that oral prophylaxis and oral health education may result in an improvement in the OHRQOL of the diabetic subjects. Further studies using a randomized controlled trial design are however recommended to validate these findings
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    Open Access
    A Pilot test of an oral health education module for community health workers in Ikeja LGA, Lagos State.
    (Africa journal of oral health, 2017) Adeniyi, A.A; Ajieroh, V; Sofola, O.O; Asiyanbi, O; Oyapero, A
    Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to report the experience of developing, facilitating, and evaluating a 3-day module on oral health education for Primary Health Care Workers (CHW) in Ikeja LGA Lagos State. Methods: Twenty-one CHW in Ikeja LGA were invited for a 3-day oral health education-training program in January 2015. An oral health education manual and a flip chart developed for this purpose were used during training. Participants received didactic lectures on the first two days and participated in a practical session on the third day. A pretest was done before the training session while a posttest was done immediately and 6 months after the intervention. Data entry, validation and analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Majority of the respondents were female (95.0%), Community Health Officers (65.0%), mean age was 42.1± 10.4 years while mean years of experience was 9.7 ±10.8 years. There was a statistically significant increase (p= 0.000) in the mean knowledge score of participants immediately after the intervention. There was no difference between the results obtained immediately and at 6 months after the training (p= 0.328). All participants reported including oral health education in their routine health education sessions at the 6-month review. They also reported observing changes in client's perception and behavior regarding oral health. They identified the flipchart as a useful tool for the oral health education sessions in the PHC. Conclusion: PHC workers can be easily trained and deployed as oral health educators particularly in areas where there is shortage of oral health care workers.
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    Open Access
    Programme guidelines for promoting good oral health for children in Nigeria: a position paper
    (BMC Oral Health, 2014) Folayan, MO; Adeniyi, A.A; Chukwumah, N.M; Onyejaka, N; Esan, A.O; Sofola, O.O; Orenuga, O.O
    Background: The objective of this paper is to draw attention to the oral health needs of children in Nigeria, and promote the use of appropriate interventions for disease prevention in the population. It also evaluates the value of the ongoing twice-daily tooth brushing campaign, which focuses on promoting good periodontal health and its relevance for children in Nigeria. Discussion: The main oral health burden for children in Nigeria is untreated dental caries, attributable to low utilization of oral health facilities. While there is a strong association between oral hygiene status and caries occurrence, no research had established an association between frequency of tooth brushing and caries in children in Nigeria. Prevalence of caries and gingivitis is low, despite the fact that a majority of children brush once a day and most of them have fair oral hygiene. Campaigns that promote twice daily brushing to prevent chronic periodontitis in children are not driven by evidences supporting the local epidemic, and therefore cannot be considered as efficient use of the limited resources available. Summary: Existing evidences show that the main oral health need of children in Nigeria is the management of untreated caries. Promoting the treatment of caries should be the primary focus of oral health programmes for children in Nigeria, as this would reduce further risks of developing new carious lesions. Public health campaigns should focus efforts at creating demand for oral health care services, for both preventive and curative purposes.