Anatomy-Scholarly Publications

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Browsing Anatomy-Scholarly Publications by Author "Akanmu, Alani"

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  • Item
    Open Access
    Testicular toxicological effects of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART): An x-ray on the therapeutic potential of bioflavonoids
    (2021-07-10) Dosumu, Olufunke; Akang, Edidiong; Okoko, Ini-ibehe; Olowo, Oluwafunmisho; Oremosu, Ademola; Akanmu, Alani
    The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS, however, the side effects of cART on the testes has been of great concern because of the reproductive desires of these people. This study was designed to determine the modulating and curative roles of bioflavonoids on cART-induced testicular disorders. Thirty-five (35) adult male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated with; 1ml of distilled water; 24mg/kg cART (3TC, 300mg+TDF, 300mg+EFV, 600mg); 1% v/v DMSO; 50mg/kg Naringenin (N), 50mg/kg Quercetin (Q), 50mg/kg of Q and N co administered differently with 24mg/kg cART. There was marked depletion of cells of the spermatogenic series in the seminiferous tubules in animals that received cART, while those that received bioflavonoids showed well-structured seminiferous tubules. cART-only treated group had significantly increased MDA levels as well as significantly reduced SOD and GSH levels when compared with control (p<0.05). Hormonal analysis showed a significant increase in TT and LH in the H/N treated group and H/Q group respectively compared with cART-only group (p<0.05) while a significant decrease was observed in FSH in cART-only and other treated groups (except N and H/Q) compared with control (p<0.05). 3β HSD expression was significantly reduced in the cART-only treated group (p<0.05) compared with control while the co-treatment with quercetin significantly (p<0.05) increased 3β HSD expression. This study demonstrates the curative potential of selected bioflavonoids in mitigating testicular cART-induced effects.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Therapeutic activities of naringenin on efavirenz-induced sleep-like disorder in the midbrain of white albino mice
    (2020-07-13) Dosumu, Olufunke; Akang, Edidiong; Faniyan, Oluwatomisin; Akanmu, Alani
    Objective(s): Efavirenz, has proven to be effective in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load; however, complaints of sleep disorders including hallucination, and insomnia have greatly contributed to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed at investigating therapeutic activities of naringenin on efavirenz-induced sleep disorder. Materials and Methods: Sixty mice were divided into six groups of control, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), efavirenz, naringenin, naringenin/efavirenz and naringenin/cART. Efavirenz, cART, and naringenin were administered orally and daily at 15 mg/kg, 24 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively for 28 days. Post neurobehavioral test, oxidative stress, histology and immunohistochemistry for dopamine were carried out after administration process. Results: Efavirenz (P<0.0001) and cART (P<0.01) significantly increased immobility during open field (P<0.01), escape time in seconds (sec) in Morris water maze (P<0.001) and numbers of head-twitch response (HTR) (P<0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.0001) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.001) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (P<0.001); however, naringenin-treated groups potentiated anti-oxidant function by reducing oxidative stress (P<0.01). Histological evaluation demonstrated severe neurodegeneration, vacuolization and pyknosis in efavirenz and cART compared to naringenin groups. Dopaminergic neurons using immunohistochemial antibody (tyrosine hydroxylase) staining showed poor immunoreactivity in efavirenz and cART in contrast to naringenin groups. Conclusion: Efavirenz and cART have the potential of inducing sleep disorder possibly due to their capability to trigger inflammation and deplete dopamine level. However, naringenin has proven to be effective in ameliorating these damages.