Department of Psychology
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Browsing Department of Psychology by Author "Malomo, B."
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- ItemOpen AccessA Review of Psychological Resilience as a Response to Natural Hazards in Nigeria(IGI Global Engineering Science Reference, 2018) Malomo, B.Natural hazards are potential threats to lives, properties, and the society at large. This chapter discusses psychological resilience as a strategy in overcoming the aftermath of natural hazards, which are known as natural disasters in Nigeria. Resilience consists of individual behaviours, cognitions, actions, and attitudes that enhance personal wellbeing. The ability to exhibit resilience is important in overcoming the adverse consequences of natural hazards. A review of the concept of resilience in this chapter cov ers an introduction to the concept of resilience and natural hazards, cases of natural hazards in Africa and Nigeria, conceptual definition and issues relating to resilience, theoretical underpinning, recom mendation, and conclusion. The various factors that are critical to the development and utilisation of psychological resilience are discussed. Relevant authorities can thus be advised on the need to set up platforms on which communities can devise methods of educating individuals on methods of developing resilience in preparation for impending natural hazards.
- ItemOpen AccessASSESSMENT OF THE BROKEN WINDOWS THEORY AND LITTERING BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY: IMPLICATION ON POST COVID-19 CLASSROOM LITTERING(2021) Malomo, B.; Akinbode, G.A.; Olatimehin, V.O.Littering behaviour causes aesthetic challenges, it is unhealthy, and due to its pervading nature especially among the youth, practical intervention is urgently required. This study examined the applicability of the broken windows theory and the two stage process model to classroom littering. The time of day litter is produced most and what items constitutes litter by students were examined. Four classrooms of a faculty in a university where different levels of students received lectures constitute the setting for this study. Litter collection took place for 5 days across 4 lecture periods per day with each classroom cleared of any litter prior to the commencement of lectures. Litter was collected, sorted and weighed according to the types of litter. Also, the hours of the day that students litter their classrooms most were observed. The broken windows theory was not endorsed, but students engaged in passive littering. Food wrappings constitute the major type of litter produced (F-ratio is significant at p<0.01; Eta square of .839). Also, students littered their classrooms throughout the day, not only in the afternoons as suggested by literature. This knowledge has implications for post-covid-19 littering behaviour of students, especially with the disposal of face masks. The onus lies with the school management to develop advocacy campaign that will focus on the significant variables examined in this study.
- ItemOpen AccessDemographic factors and modal split behaviour of commuters in the federal capital territorry, Abuja-Nigeria(2023) Balogun, S.A.; Malomo, B.; Aregbesola, M.A.Sustainability of transport systems may require iden fying cri cal determinants of modal split behaviours rela ng to modal choices of commuters. Commuters possess different personal characteris cs that may predispose modal choices. These characteris cs are per nent and may be pointers to a sustainable transport system. This paper examined the status of different transport modes in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja, Nigeria, to understand how the informa on on the modal choices of commuters can bring back the envisioned sustainable transporta on in the Federal Capital Territory. Authors engaged 243 commuters whose journey originated from 5 different loca ons in the outskirts of the city and 1 from within with various distances ranging from 31km to 9km into the inner city of Abuja. Survey items adopted for this study were administered to commuters through convenient sampling method in these loca ons. The results confirm different split behaviours based on gender and loca on cum distances travelled to the various des na ons (Χ2 = 18.281, p<0.01); (Χ2 = 15.85, p<0.05). These results suggest that gender and distance are important factors the government may consider and incorporate into future decisions for urban transport planning in the city of Abuja. The u lity theory was confirmed in our study through commuters’ decision to commute by tricycles despite the availability of more comfortable taxis that lack the value sought a5er by commuters. The choices expressed in this study rela ng to mobility pa6erns are relevant informa on for future policy considera on.
- ItemOpen AccessDemographic Factors Predicting Knowledge of Hiv/Aids among Undergraduates in A University in Nigeria(Academic Star Publishing Company, 2014-07) Malomo, B.Young people have been globally identified as most vulnerable to risky behaviors including HIV/AIDS hence the high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS infection among them. Researchers have however linked knowledge to behavioral change; therefore this present study investigated demographic variables as predictors of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among tertiary institution students in Nigeria. A total of 572 respondents were purposively sampled for the purpose of this study (316 female and 276 male). Of the total sample, 189 were from the Polytechnic, 197 from college of education and 186 from University. These were conveniently sampled from these institutions for the purpose of the study. Validated scales were used and results showed a significant positive relationship between gender and Institution of learning (r = .146**); knowledge of HIV/AIDS (r = .113**). There is also a significant positive relationship between respondents’ religion and institution of learning (r = .159**). There was no significant gender difference in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS. (M = 29.81; 30.46, t = -2.71, p > .05). But there was a significant difference in knowledge of HIV/AIDS based on respondents’ institution of learning [F (2, 1) = 14.06, p = 0.000]. Post hoc test showed mean score for students in the college of education (M = 31.02, SD = 2.45) was significantly different from students from university (M = 29.72, SD = 2.67) and polytechnic (M = 29.73, SD = 3.19). Thus students in colleges of education are significantly more knowledgeable in HIV/AIDS compared to their counterparts. It was concluded that the need for more awareness creation on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS on university and polytechnic campuses cannot be overemphasized.
- ItemOpen AccessDemographic Variables Influencing the Well-being of Ikeja Danfo Drivers(2018-09) Malomo, B.; Yusuff, M.O.Danfo is a name given to bus drivers who drive yellow commercial buses in Lagos metropolis and they play significant role in conveying commuters within the city of Lagos. The major mode of mobility in Lagos is road transportation. Thus commercial bus driving within Lagos city is a profitable business. However, these drivers encounter various threats to their well-being due to congested traffic typical of modern day lifestyles, dwindling financial returns due to long hours in traffic, fewer hours of sleep, inadequate diet, time pressure, and assaults related to fare disputes. Research studies are yet to identify the influence of demographic variables on the well-being of commercial bus drivers in Lagos metropolis. The study sample consisted of 150 bus drivers who were conveniently sampled from six (6) different terminuses where their journeys begin and terminate. Participants in this study were all males of various age groups and of different marital statuses. The results revealed no significant influence of age and marital status on the well being of danfo commercial bus drivers. However, a relationship between age and marital status only were identified, but not with the well-being of commercial bus drivers. These findings have cultural implications. It negates the popularly held belief that older and married people care more about their well-being than younger and single people. It brings to fore the need to also identify and consider other factors when certifying people for the job of commercial bus driving.
- ItemOpen AccessDevelopment and Validation of a Psychological Scale for Work-Related Drivers(2014) Malomo, B.Work-related drivers are in high demand in Nigeria because their services are needed in virtually all the private and public business sectors of the economy. Due to exposure to long hours of driving, work-related drivers are prone to vehicle crashes resulting in injuries, loss of man hours, or death. Psychological dimensions of driving have been implicated in literature as positive indicators to successful driving performance. However, there is a dearth of an indigenous psychological scale for assessing automobile drivers in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to develop and validate a psychological scale for the selection of work-related drivers in Nigeria. This study utilized a cross sectional survey research design, and was carried out in metropolitan Lagos through pilot, main and validation studies utilising 715 participants in all. Using the inclusion criterion of ≥ 0.40, a 26-item composite scale (α = .80) was identified. Further analysis revealed four psychological dimensions of driving. The psychometric properties of the four dimensions revealed coefficient alphas of 0.75 to 0.96. These dimensions correlated positively and significantly with other similar measures. The scale is useful for identifying behavioural dispositions of drivers in the work setting. The scale also has implications for selection, training, transfer and promotion of drivers.
- ItemOpen AccessDevelopment of psychological test for the selection of automobile drivers in commercial banks: a content-oriented approach(African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2010) Malomo, B.The process of selection is undertaken in organizations as it is assumed that there are more applicants for a job than there are available vacancies. As a result of this, the selection process is basically to distinguish applicants who possess the knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs), attitudes and personalities needed to perform the job successfully from those who do not. The purpose of this study was to develop a psychological test that will be incorporated into the selection process of automobile drivers in commercial banks in Nigeria. As is the rule in the content-oriented approach to test development, 50 incumbent drivers and 18 fleet managers and supervisors took part in a job analysis survey. A total of 100 incumbent drivers from 4 commercial banks completed 353 behaviour statements pooled from the responses obtained from the job analysis. Using the principal component analysis, 4 psychological dimensions of driving were identified. Through factor analysis, the data was reduced to 85 items from the original 353. The reliability analysis showed a Cronbach’s Coefficient alpha of .92.
- ItemOpen AccessDifferences in age and driving experience in perceived driving error rates of commercial bank drivers(2014-11) Malomo, B.The loss of lives from road traffic crashes is still occurring at an unacceptable level on Nigerian roads. Observers and commentators have in several cases implicated driver error as the major factor in traffic crashes. Furthermore, some demographic variables have been cited in traffic literature as predictors of driving error among drivers. However, this has not been empirically determined in Nigeria. Therefore this study examines age and driving experience of drivers as predictors of driving errors on Nigerian roads. Utilising ex post facto and survey research designs, responses were obtained from 547 drivers selected using a multistage sampling technique in Lagos metropolis who responded to self-report measures of driving errors. Findings reveal that age and driving experience did not significantly and independently predict driving error rates. However, age and driving experience significantly and jointly predicted driving error ([3 = 16.84; df = 544, F = 1.340, P < .005) rates of participants. The results are indicative of policy measures that will be relevant to the reduction of road accidents. Recommendations are offered to corporate and private entities that require the services of drivers who are less prone to driving errors.
- ItemOpen AccessDifferences in Commuting Modes and Residential Locations as Factors of Turnover Intention of Healthcare Workers of Ambulatory Clinics(SAGE, 2021) Malomo, B.Organisations require novel perspectives for achieving a stable workforce. One of such perspectives is having healthy employees, through timely medical care in ambulatory clinics. But when healthcare providers exhibit turnover intentions, and ultimately turnover behaviour, the purpose for such facilities is defeated. The study sought to understand if healthcare workers’ commuting modes and the differences in their residential locations affect their turnover intentions. These variables, which are yet to be investigated in the turnover literature, were examined within the assumptions of discrete choice model. Therefore, 137 healthcare workers of 11 ambulatory clinics, randomly selected from operating clinics in Marina, Lagos Island, were surveyed using purposive sampling method. The results suggest that the differences in residential locations did not produce statistically significant differences in turnover intention. However, there were significant differences in turnover intentions of participants who drive their cars and those who commute with public transport (F (1, 131) = 9.14, p < 0.01). Further result negates the constant travel time hypothesis and the discrete choice model. The recommendations are focused on coordinated transport schedules, decentralised congested economic activities and polycentric city planning policies. These will enhance dispersed commuting.
- ItemOpen AccessDimensions of Aggression, Terrorism Inclination and Area Boys of Lagos Metropolis(2018) Malomo, B.The inclination to terrorism may find its root in the personality variable of aggression. Area boys mean many things to many people, but usually, they invoke negative emotions. Observation of the activities of area boys indicates a manifestation of physical and verbal aggression against the general public. This present study therefore examined the independent relationships between four dimensions of aggression and terrorism inclination among area boys of Lagos metropolis. A survey design was adopted for the study utilising two valid instruments for measuring the study variables among 214 area boys. The location of the study consists of Yaba, Ojota, Agege and Ogba bus stops. The results obtained revealed significant positive independent relationships between anger, physical aggression, hostility and verbal aggression; and terrorism inclination. Recommendations are proffered on the critical role of concerned agencies.
- ItemOpen AccessEvaluating the Self-Efficacy of Patients with New Prosthetic Dentures in Two Teaching Hospitals in Lagos Nigeria(ASUU Journal of Social Sciences, 2021) Malomo, B.; Akinboboye, Bolanle; Adenuga-Taiwo, O. A.Several studies have suggested that self-esteem and self-efficacy may be included as self-management techniques after an illness. However, none have studied these variables among dental patients with new prosthetic dentures. This study therefore assessed the level of self-esteem and self-efficacy of dental patients and the relationship between these two variables among Nigerian dental population. The study was conducted at the outpatient prosthetic units of the departments of restorative dentistry of two teaching hospitals in Lagos. Consented patients (N=43) were presented with validated self-esteem (4-item) and self-efficacy for denture rehabilitation (12-item) measures. Descriptive and inferential statistical outputs with level of significance set at p<0.05 was adopted.. Respondents expressed low negative self-esteem with mean value of 7.33 (SD=2.4). however, self-efficacy level suggests a high value with (M=40.6; SD=6.13). A significant negative correlation between self-esteem and self-efficacy (r= -.367*, p<0.05) was obtained. A low self-esteem may not translate to a low self-efficacy. Early assessment, and monitoring of these variables in dental clinic patients is advised so as to enable timely intervention through education and therapy.
- ItemOpen AccessExploring the Suitability of Rosenberg Self- esteem Scale for Adult Use in South-Western Nigeria(American Psychological Association, 2014) Oladipo, S.E.; Malomo, B.; Kalule-Sabiti, I.Despite the popularity, simplicity and wide usage of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), its reliability and validity among different samples across culture is in doubt. This study was thus conducted to investigate the suitability of RSES as a self-esteem measure among adult samples in Southwestern Nigeria. 458 purposively and conveniently sampled adults participated in the study i.e. 371 male and 87 females. Participants were drawn from the population of adults who attended recruitment exercise with the National Road Safety Corps in one of the Western states of Nigeria. Their ages ranged from 20-35 years and classification according marital status revealed that 411 of the participants, while 47 of them were never married. Initial reliability analysis conducted on the scale yielded an σ co efficient of .24 and a split-half reliability co-efficient of .29. The low reliability informed the principal factor analysis that was done which yielded a one dimensional scale with items 2,5,6,9 having factor loadings that are > .30. The composite reliability scale when tested with the emerging four items revealed an σ reliability of .63 which is generally considered to be good enough. It is concluded that the RSES is not a suitable measure of self-esteem among adult samples in southwestern Nigeria if it is used in its original form with the 10 items. However, the 4 items could be used. It is recommended that a more elaborate study be conducted that will include adults from different sectors and different parts of the country in order to make generalization of research findings possible.
- ItemOpen AccessFactors influencing non-compliance behaviour of unauthorised drivers on bus rapid transit lanes in Lagos in Lagos Metropolis(2020-05) Malomo, B.The bus rapid transit lanes in Lagos are threatened by drivers of unauthorised vehicles. These vehicles could break down or be involved in a crash thereby causing delay and frustrating the major objective of constructing special lanes for the smooth operation of the bus rapid transit scheme. This study therefore employed observation method by carrying out a physical count of drivers exhibiting non-compliance behaviour on the bus rapid transit lanes for the purpose of identifying the categories of drivers that exhibit non-compliance behaviour on the lanes, and the factors responsible for their behaviour. The observation was carried out on four working days of the week, and two factors were predicted to motivate the behaviours of the drivers; traffic congestion and day of the week. In all, 652 drivers of different categories of vehicles were observed. Four hypotheses were tested using t-test and One-Way ANOVA statistics to analyse obtained data. The results revealed that drivers of private vehicles exhibited higher non-compliance behaviour compared to other categories of drivers. Additionally, traffic was a factor for non-compliance behaviour but days of the week was not a significant influence. The results are crucial for enforcement strategies, for change in policy formulation and for installation of road furniture to inform and deter unauthorized use of the bus rapid transit
- ItemOpen AccessInfluence of Age, Educational Achievement and Marital Status on Compliance Behaviour of Bank Drivers(African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2011) Balogun, S.K.; Malomo, B.Literature is replete with studies of the compliance behaviour of the general driving population in developed countries. However, not much is known about the factors influencing the compliance behaviour of drivers who drive for workrelated purposes in the banking setting especially in Nigeria. This study therefore examined the influence of age, educational achievement and marital status on compliance behaviour of bank automobile drivers to traffic rules and regulations. The sample size consists of 555 randomly selected bank automobile drivers currently employed in 6 commercial banks in Lagos, Nigeria. Frequency statistics obtained revealed that 100 % of the participants were males. 10.5 % were between the ages of 19-29 years; 39.2 % were between the ages of 30-39 years; 37.5 % were between the ages of 40-49 years; 11.9 % was between the ages of 50-59 years; and 9 % was age 60. The educational qualification of participants revealed 78.6 % of the respondents had WASC/NECO; 15.3 % had the National Certificate of Education or the Ordinary National Diploma while 6.1 % had Bachelor of Science degree and above. Results indicate that age was did not compliance behaviour among bank automobile drivers because young and old drivers did were comparable in their compliance behaviour (df = 553, f = .62, t= 1.06, p > .05). Also, educational achievement did not influence compliance behaviour among bank automobile drivers (df = 2, f(2, 552) = .023, p > .05). Lastly, marital status did not influence compliance behaviour among bank automobile drivers but respondents who are separated scored higher than the single and the married (f(2,552, = 1.935, p > .05). The results of this study negates popular held notion that age, educational achievement and marital status are important factors in driving performance of which compliance is one. The current study whose sample respondents are workrelated drivers in a bank setting has revealed the need to give equal attention to different sociodemographic factors of applicants when compliance with traffic rules and regulations becomes an issue in decision making..
- ItemOpen AccessModelling road crashes in Abuja(2010) Malomo, B.The RTC model with Crosstabulation and GLM Univariate on Abuja was prepared using case by case secondary data of RTC between 1999 and 2006. It attempts to determine the mean number of RTC and see the confounding influence of crash location, severity of RTC and period of RTC on the number of crashes as an indicator for Cities with similar traffic mix. The research found that each crash location has different severities and relationship between crash location and severity is weak. Implying that the measurable difference in the time of crash between crash location was due to severities in few location rather than a more serious State-wide (Abuja) variation in black spot location. The study recommended more presence of law enforcement agencies, warning road furniture, improved night driving education for long distance motorist and Dualisation of roads leading into the FCT.
- ItemOpen AccessPerception of health risks of people living in close proximity to infectious disease centres and their willingness to relocate(2021) Malomo, B.People in residential and commercial structures have encroached too closely to infectious disease treatment centres over time. This may pose great risks. This study investigated the knowledge and perception of health risks of people who live and work in close proximity to infectious disease treatment centres, using Ebola isolation centre as a case study. Survey instruments were administered to 285 participants through purposive and convenient sampling. Male, 133 (46.7%) and female, 152 (53.3%) participants from 18 years to 70 years responded to the survey. Perception of health risks increased with knowledge and did not significantly differ due to educational attainment of participants. Respondents living closest to the Ebola isolation centre expressed higher willingness to relocate than those living in locations farther from the Ebola centre (X 2 (2, N = 285) = 7.50, p < .01). Caution is required when constructing isolation centres near residential and workplaces with uninfected people.
- ItemOpen AccessPersonality predictors of Driver's intention to use seat belts(2020-06) Malomo, B.; Balogun, S.K.The numerous studies that investigated the use of seat belts among Nigerian drivers utilized observational studies where physical count of seat belt users was done. None of these studies examined personality dimensions and their influence on intention of drivers to use seat belts. Thus, personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness and agreeableness and how they predict the intention of drivers to use seat belts was examined. A survey of 400 participants with a mean age of 34.34 was undertaken. Survey instruments were administered in two cities, Lagos and Ibadan through convenient sampling method. The results of the regression and linear correlation analysis performed,confirmed the predictive relationship between personality dimensions and intention to use seat belts among participants (R2=.14; F (5,394) = .14.09; P<.001). Further results confirmed a positive relationship between three personality variables r=-.27; P<.01; r=.32; P<.01; r=.27; P<.01 representing openness to experience, conscientiousness and agreeableness and intention to use seat belts. The findings of this study would enhance intervention procedures, especially knowledge transfer from enforcement officers to offenders of seat belt laws especially in rural areas where compliance is still low. Furthermore, the results are discussed in relation to developing policy formulation, training contents and incorporating behavioural principles into campaign programmes for effective seat belt usage.
- ItemOpen AccessPsycho-Social Correlates of Tolerance for Disagreement among Road Traffic Officers on Nigerian Highways(2018-01) Malomo, B.; Oladipo, S.E.; Balogun; Sikiru, A.This study investigated age, gender, self-esteem and job locus of control as correlates of tolerance for disagreement among 458 randomly selected road traffic officers in Nigeria. Though disagreement between road traffic officers and road users occur on a daily basis, minimal research attention has been paid to it; hence the need for this study. Participants' age ranged between 20-35years (M=27.84; SD=1.98); married participants were 47 and never married were 411. Lowest academic qualification of participants was Ordinary National Diploma, while the highest was Master's degree. Validated scales were used for data collection and data collected were analysed with appropriate test statistics using version 21 of the SPSS statistical software. Results suggested significant positive correlations between self-esteem (r = 0.221, p<0.01), job locus of control (r = 0.141, p<0.01) and tolerance for disagreement. However, age and gender of participants did not show any significant influence on their tolerance for disagreement. These results suggest that identification of psycho-social variables among potential road traffic officers will aid relevant 1 agencies in introducing pre-intervention programs as a post screening measure for traffic officers.
- ItemOpen AccessPsychological assessment of automobile drivers in Nigeria: Scale construction(2012) Malomo, B.; Balogun, S.K.Human error in driving has been greatly indicated as a major factor contributing to road traffic accidents resulting in loss of lives and damage to properties. Methods such as physical driving test are currently being adopted by organizations in assessing and selecting work-related automobile drivers for employment. This method may lack psychological dimensions of driving. This paper therefore presents the development and validation of a psychological test for the selection of automobile drivers in the Nigerian banking industry. Using cross sectional survey research design, the development of psychological test for automobile drivers was carried out in three phases namely: pre-pilot phase, pilot phase, and the main study phase. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, a total of 729 participants made up of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and drivers randomly drawn from 4 commercial banks took part in the study. In …
- ItemOpen AccessPsychology of Criminal and Cyber Security Behaviour of Employees: Benefits to Security Professionals in Critical Infrastructure(2019) Malomo, B.Criminal and cyber security behaviour has become a challenge to small, medium and large scale businesses. The etiology of criminal behaviour is traceable to genetical and environmental factors with personality characteristics playing a major role in influencing behaviour. In the same vein, cyber security behaviour of employees may be compromised due to their personal characteristics. This is evident in the insecure behaviours that employees exhibit directly or indirectly to inadvertently threaten the continued existence of their organizations. Despite financial efforts expended by organizations to avert cyber-attacks perpetrated through illegal and unauthorised access to physical and virtual properties of organizations, incidences of threats and attacks still persists. This paper discusses behavioural change strategies that can be applied to modify the behaviour of employees who deal with systems that maintain critical infrastructure in the different sectors of the economy. This will ameliorate the challenges security professionals encounter, thereby optimizing their potential to secure and provide adequate security to critical infrastructures.