Department of Psychology

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    Open Access
    Development of psychological test for the selection of automobile drivers in commercial banks: a content-oriented approach
    (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2010) Malomo, B.
    The process of selection is undertaken in organizations as it is assumed that there are more applicants for a job than there are available vacancies. As a result of this, the selection process is basically to distinguish applicants who possess the knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs), attitudes and personalities needed to perform the job successfully from those who do not. The purpose of this study was to develop a psychological test that will be incorporated into the selection process of automobile drivers in commercial banks in Nigeria. As is the rule in the content-oriented approach to test development, 50 incumbent drivers and 18 fleet managers and supervisors took part in a job analysis survey. A total of 100 incumbent drivers from 4 commercial banks completed 353 behaviour statements pooled from the responses obtained from the job analysis. Using the principal component analysis, 4 psychological dimensions of driving were identified. Through factor analysis, the data was reduced to 85 items from the original 353. The reliability analysis showed a Cronbach’s Coefficient alpha of .92.
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    Open Access
    Modelling road crashes in Abuja
    (2010) Malomo, B.
    The RTC model with Crosstabulation and GLM Univariate on Abuja was prepared using case by case secondary data of RTC between 1999 and 2006. It attempts to determine the mean number of RTC and see the confounding influence of crash location, severity of RTC and period of RTC on the number of crashes as an indicator for Cities with similar traffic mix. The research found that each crash location has different severities and relationship between crash location and severity is weak. Implying that the measurable difference in the time of crash between crash location was due to severities in few location rather than a more serious State-wide (Abuja) variation in black spot location. The study recommended more presence of law enforcement agencies, warning road furniture, improved night driving education for long distance motorist and Dualisation of roads leading into the FCT.
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    Open Access
    Influence of Age, Educational Achievement and Marital Status on Compliance Behaviour of Bank Drivers
    (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2011) Balogun, S.K.; Malomo, B.
    Literature is replete with studies of the compliance behaviour of the general driving population in developed countries. However, not much is known about the factors influencing the compliance behaviour of drivers who drive for workrelated purposes in the banking setting especially in Nigeria. This study therefore examined the influence of age, educational achievement and marital status on compliance behaviour of bank automobile drivers to traffic rules and regulations. The sample size consists of 555 randomly selected bank automobile drivers currently employed in 6 commercial banks in Lagos, Nigeria. Frequency statistics obtained revealed that 100 % of the participants were males. 10.5 % were between the ages of 19-29 years; 39.2 % were between the ages of 30-39 years; 37.5 % were between the ages of 40-49 years; 11.9 % was between the ages of 50-59 years; and 9 % was age 60. The educational qualification of participants revealed 78.6 % of the respondents had WASC/NECO; 15.3 % had the National Certificate of Education or the Ordinary National Diploma while 6.1 % had Bachelor of Science degree and above. Results indicate that age was did not compliance behaviour among bank automobile drivers because young and old drivers did were comparable in their compliance behaviour (df = 553, f = .62, t= 1.06, p > .05). Also, educational achievement did not influence compliance behaviour among bank automobile drivers (df = 2, f(2, 552) = .023, p > .05). Lastly, marital status did not influence compliance behaviour among bank automobile drivers but respondents who are separated scored higher than the single and the married (f(2,552, = 1.935, p > .05). The results of this study negates popular held notion that age, educational achievement and marital status are important factors in driving performance of which compliance is one. The current study whose sample respondents are workrelated drivers in a bank setting has revealed the need to give equal attention to different sociodemographic factors of applicants when compliance with traffic rules and regulations becomes an issue in decision making..
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    Open Access
    Psychological assessment of automobile drivers in Nigeria: Scale construction
    (2012) Malomo, B.; Balogun, S.K.
    Human error in driving has been greatly indicated as a major factor contributing to road traffic accidents resulting in loss of lives and damage to properties. Methods such as physical driving test are currently being adopted by organizations in assessing and selecting work-related automobile drivers for employment. This method may lack psychological dimensions of driving. This paper therefore presents the development and validation of a psychological test for the selection of automobile drivers in the Nigerian banking industry. Using cross sectional survey research design, the development of psychological test for automobile drivers was carried out in three phases namely: pre-pilot phase, pilot phase, and the main study phase. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, a total of 729 participants made up of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and drivers randomly drawn from 4 commercial banks took part in the study. In …
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    Open Access
    Development and Validation of a Psychological Scale for Work-Related Drivers
    (2014) Malomo, B.
    Work-related drivers are in high demand in Nigeria because their services are needed in virtually all the private and public business sectors of the economy. Due to exposure to long hours of driving, work-related drivers are prone to vehicle crashes resulting in injuries, loss of man hours, or death. Psychological dimensions of driving have been implicated in literature as positive indicators to successful driving performance. However, there is a dearth of an indigenous psychological scale for assessing automobile drivers in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to develop and validate a psychological scale for the selection of work-related drivers in Nigeria. This study utilized a cross sectional survey research design, and was carried out in metropolitan Lagos through pilot, main and validation studies utilising 715 participants in all. Using the inclusion criterion of ≥ 0.40, a 26-item composite scale (α = .80) was identified. Further analysis revealed four psychological dimensions of driving. The psychometric properties of the four dimensions revealed coefficient alphas of 0.75 to 0.96. These dimensions correlated positively and significantly with other similar measures. The scale is useful for identifying behavioural dispositions of drivers in the work setting. The scale also has implications for selection, training, transfer and promotion of drivers.
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    Open Access
    Exploring the Suitability of Rosenberg Self- esteem Scale for Adult Use in South-Western Nigeria
    (American Psychological Association, 2014) Oladipo, S.E.; Malomo, B.; Kalule-Sabiti, I.
    Despite the popularity, simplicity and wide usage of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), its reliability and validity among different samples across culture is in doubt. This study was thus conducted to investigate the suitability of RSES as a self-esteem measure among adult samples in Southwestern Nigeria. 458 purposively and conveniently sampled adults participated in the study i.e. 371 male and 87 females. Participants were drawn from the population of adults who attended recruitment exercise with the National Road Safety Corps in one of the Western states of Nigeria. Their ages ranged from 20-35 years and classification according marital status revealed that 411 of the participants, while 47 of them were never married. Initial reliability analysis conducted on the scale yielded an σ co efficient of .24 and a split-half reliability co-efficient of .29. The low reliability informed the principal factor analysis that was done which yielded a one dimensional scale with items 2,5,6,9 having factor loadings that are > .30. The composite reliability scale when tested with the emerging four items revealed an σ reliability of .63 which is generally considered to be good enough. It is concluded that the RSES is not a suitable measure of self-esteem among adult samples in southwestern Nigeria if it is used in its original form with the 10 items. However, the 4 items could be used. It is recommended that a more elaborate study be conducted that will include adults from different sectors and different parts of the country in order to make generalization of research findings possible.
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    Open Access
    Demographic Factors Predicting Knowledge of Hiv/Aids among Undergraduates in A University in Nigeria
    (Academic Star Publishing Company, 2014-07) Malomo, B.
    Young people have been globally identified as most vulnerable to risky behaviors including HIV/AIDS hence the high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS infection among them. Researchers have however linked knowledge to behavioral change; therefore this present study investigated demographic variables as predictors of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among tertiary institution students in Nigeria. A total of 572 respondents were purposively sampled for the purpose of this study (316 female and 276 male). Of the total sample, 189 were from the Polytechnic, 197 from college of education and 186 from University. These were conveniently sampled from these institutions for the purpose of the study. Validated scales were used and results showed a significant positive relationship between gender and Institution of learning (r = .146**); knowledge of HIV/AIDS (r = .113**). There is also a significant positive relationship between respondents’ religion and institution of learning (r = .159**). There was no significant gender difference in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS. (M = 29.81; 30.46, t = -2.71, p > .05). But there was a significant difference in knowledge of HIV/AIDS based on respondents’ institution of learning [F (2, 1) = 14.06, p = 0.000]. Post hoc test showed mean score for students in the college of education (M = 31.02, SD = 2.45) was significantly different from students from university (M = 29.72, SD = 2.67) and polytechnic (M = 29.73, SD = 3.19). Thus students in colleges of education are significantly more knowledgeable in HIV/AIDS compared to their counterparts. It was concluded that the need for more awareness creation on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS on university and polytechnic campuses cannot be overemphasized.
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    Open Access
    Differences in age and driving experience in perceived driving error rates of commercial bank drivers
    (2014-11) Malomo, B.
    The loss of lives from road traffic crashes is still occurring at an unacceptable level on Nigerian roads. Observers and commentators have in several cases implicated driver error as the major factor in traffic crashes. Furthermore, some demographic variables have been cited in traffic literature as predictors of driving error among drivers. However, this has not been empirically determined in Nigeria. Therefore this study examines age and driving experience of drivers as predictors of driving errors on Nigerian roads. Utilising ex post facto and survey research designs, responses were obtained from 547 drivers selected using a multistage sampling technique in Lagos metropolis who responded to self-report measures of driving errors. Findings reveal that age and driving experience did not significantly and independently predict driving error rates. However, age and driving experience significantly and jointly predicted driving error ([3 = 16.84; df = 544, F = 1.340, P < .005) rates of participants. The results are indicative of policy measures that will be relevant to the reduction of road accidents. Recommendations are offered to corporate and private entities that require the services of drivers who are less prone to driving errors.
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    Open Access
    Sexual Harassment: Who is Harassing Who?
    (African Journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, 2017) Akinwale, G; Ayenibiowo, K
    Sexual bullying is no longer seen as a one sided phenomenon, it is a double edge sword that could pierce both the victims and the perpetrators.The study examined sexual bullying in lecturer’s student’s relationship with 2 vignettes depicting the dressing of students who approached a lecturer in his office. Two modes of dressing were presented, one considered to be scantily clothed while the other is full clothing. The participants were randomly assigned into the two groups. The data were analysed with 2x2 ANOVA to determine the effect of age and gender of the participants on assessment of punishment for the victims and the perpetrators. Clothing was hypothesized on and it was found to be significant, for the punishment of both students and also for the lecturer. The findings suggest stricter punishment for the victim and the perpetrator in full clothing scenario than in scanty clothing scenario. Age was found to be insignificant. The study therefore adjudged both the victims and the perpetrators to deserve punishment.
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    Open Access
    INTERPERSONAL RELATION: CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HYPERCOMPETITIVENESS AND BIRTH ORDER AMONG UNDERGRADUATES
    (African Journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, 2017) Akinwale, G; Ayenibiowo, K; Ezeanyim, O
    Over the years there has been a growing interest in human relationships’ and the problem of human relationships. Humans are inherently equipped with social instinct that allows them to follow and maintain relationship. This research was conducted to investigate the influence of hypercompetitiveness and birth order on interpersonal relation. Hypotheses were generated from Karen Horney and Alfred Adler s’ theories about hypercompetitiveness and birth order respectively. Birth order was defined in terms of three groups only: first, middle and last born. Participants (N= 300) with mean age of 25.86 (SD 5.63) for male and 25.56 (5.52) for female were students from Yaba College of Technology and University of Lagos. The instruments used were Hypercompetitive attitude scale by Ryckman, Hammer, Kaczor & Gold (1990) with 26 items and Index of peer relation by Hudson, Nuris, Daley & Newsome, (1986) with 25 items. A cross sectional survey was used in collecting data using accidental sampling techniques. Hypercompetitiveness has a significant negative correlation with interpersonal relation (r=-0.215*, at p, <0.05). Middle born were not more hypercompetitive than participants in other birth positions but had poor interpersonal relation. Explanations were proffered for the findings based on theoretical and empirical literature. The study recommends that parents as the main provider of interpersonal relationship; therefore they should realize the importance of equal parental investment among their children and ensure, good parent-child relationship and proper coercive management practices while avoiding any form of preferential treatment. These will assist the young ones in building good social relationship.
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    Open Access
    A Review of Psychological Resilience as a Response to Natural Hazards in Nigeria
    (IGI Global Engineering Science Reference, 2018) Malomo, B.
    Natural hazards are potential threats to lives, properties, and the society at large. This chapter discusses psychological resilience as a strategy in overcoming the aftermath of natural hazards, which are known as natural disasters in Nigeria. Resilience consists of individual behaviours, cognitions, actions, and attitudes that enhance personal wellbeing. The ability to exhibit resilience is important in overcoming the adverse consequences of natural hazards. A review of the concept of resilience in this chapter cov ers an introduction to the concept of resilience and natural hazards, cases of natural hazards in Africa and Nigeria, conceptual definition and issues relating to resilience, theoretical underpinning, recom mendation, and conclusion. The various factors that are critical to the development and utilisation of psychological resilience are discussed. Relevant authorities can thus be advised on the need to set up platforms on which communities can devise methods of educating individuals on methods of developing resilience in preparation for impending natural hazards.
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    Open Access
    Dimensions of Aggression, Terrorism Inclination and Area Boys of Lagos Metropolis
    (2018) Malomo, B.
    The inclination to terrorism may find its root in the personality variable of aggression. Area boys mean many things to many people, but usually, they invoke negative emotions. Observation of the activities of area boys indicates a manifestation of physical and verbal aggression against the general public. This present study therefore examined the independent relationships between four dimensions of aggression and terrorism inclination among area boys of Lagos metropolis. A survey design was adopted for the study utilising two valid instruments for measuring the study variables among 214 area boys. The location of the study consists of Yaba, Ojota, Agege and Ogba bus stops. The results obtained revealed significant positive independent relationships between anger, physical aggression, hostility and verbal aggression; and terrorism inclination. Recommendations are proffered on the critical role of concerned agencies.
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    Open Access
    Psycho-Social Correlates of Tolerance for Disagreement among Road Traffic Officers on Nigerian Highways
    (2018-01) Malomo, B.; Oladipo, S.E.; Balogun; Sikiru, A.
    This study investigated age, gender, self-esteem and job locus of control as correlates of tolerance for disagreement among 458 randomly selected road traffic officers in Nigeria. Though disagreement between road traffic officers and road users occur on a daily basis, minimal research attention has been paid to it; hence the need for this study. Participants' age ranged between 20-35years (M=27.84; SD=1.98); married participants were 47 and never married were 411. Lowest academic qualification of participants was Ordinary National Diploma, while the highest was Master's degree. Validated scales were used for data collection and data collected were analysed with appropriate test statistics using version 21 of the SPSS statistical software. Results suggested significant positive correlations between self-esteem (r = 0.221, p<0.01), job locus of control (r = 0.141, p<0.01) and tolerance for disagreement. However, age and gender of participants did not show any significant influence on their tolerance for disagreement. These results suggest that identification of psycho-social variables among potential road traffic officers will aid relevant 1 agencies in introducing pre-intervention programs as a post screening measure for traffic officers.
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    Open Access
    Demographic Variables Influencing the Well-being of Ikeja Danfo Drivers
    (2018-09) Malomo, B.; Yusuff, M.O.
    Danfo is a name given to bus drivers who drive yellow commercial buses in Lagos metropolis and they play significant role in conveying commuters within the city of Lagos. The major mode of mobility in Lagos is road transportation. Thus commercial bus driving within Lagos city is a profitable business. However, these drivers encounter various threats to their well-being due to congested traffic typical of modern day lifestyles, dwindling financial returns due to long hours in traffic, fewer hours of sleep, inadequate diet, time pressure, and assaults related to fare disputes. Research studies are yet to identify the influence of demographic variables on the well-being of commercial bus drivers in Lagos metropolis. The study sample consisted of 150 bus drivers who were conveniently sampled from six (6) different terminuses where their journeys begin and terminate. Participants in this study were all males of various age groups and of different marital statuses. The results revealed no significant influence of age and marital status on the well being of danfo commercial bus drivers. However, a relationship between age and marital status only were identified, but not with the well-being of commercial bus drivers. These findings have cultural implications. It negates the popularly held belief that older and married people care more about their well-being than younger and single people. It brings to fore the need to also identify and consider other factors when certifying people for the job of commercial bus driving.
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    Open Access
    Borderline intelligence: At Risk for School Dropouts in South West Nigeria
    (Akinwale Gbenusola, 2019) Akinwale, G.A
    Dropping out of school is a powerful risk factor that can lead to incredible loss of human potentials and insecurity for the nation; it can also have life-long consequences, especially on education, career and health. The main objective of this study is to explore borderline intelligence as at- risk population for school dropout. The specific objectives are to : investigate whether borderline intelligence is a predisposing factor for school dropout in South West, Nigeria and compare gender differences in the incidence of drop out among the participants’ on borderline intelligence on adolescent school dropouts. 565 school dropouts from Lagos, Ogun and Osun State, participated in the study and they responded to the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices that was designed to assess educative ability of different ages. The result found significant differences in the cognitive abilities of the school dropouts. Borderline intelligence was significantly represented in the sample and gender was found to be insignificant thus implying that both male and female are equally at risk for school dropout. The study found that the incidence of school dropouts in South West, Nigeria is heightened by borderline intelligence. Government at all levels should seek the help of psychologists for proper assessment as early as possible, to reduce the incessant increase in the number of out of school population in South West Nigeria. Keywords: Borderline intelligence, , Cognitive abilities, School dropout, Adolescents.
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    Open Access
    Psychology of Criminal and Cyber Security Behaviour of Employees: Benefits to Security Professionals in Critical Infrastructure
    (2019) Malomo, B.
    Criminal and cyber security behaviour has become a challenge to small, medium and large scale businesses. The etiology of criminal behaviour is traceable to genetical and environmental factors with personality characteristics playing a major role in influencing behaviour. In the same vein, cyber security behaviour of employees may be compromised due to their personal characteristics. This is evident in the insecure behaviours that employees exhibit directly or indirectly to inadvertently threaten the continued existence of their organizations. Despite financial efforts expended by organizations to avert cyber-attacks perpetrated through illegal and unauthorised access to physical and virtual properties of organizations, incidences of threats and attacks still persists. This paper discusses behavioural change strategies that can be applied to modify the behaviour of employees who deal with systems that maintain critical infrastructure in the different sectors of the economy. This will ameliorate the challenges security professionals encounter, thereby optimizing their potential to secure and provide adequate security to critical infrastructures.
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    Open Access
    Impact of Counselling Intervention on the Psychosocial Well-Being of School Children in Their Peculiar Indigenous Environment, Makoko, Lagos.
    (UNILAG Journal of Medicine, Science and Technology (UJMST), 2020) Adebiyi, D.T; Makinde, B.O; Olusakin, A.M; Badru, F.A
    The challenges posed by the adverse environmental pollution cannot be overestimated especially as regards its impact on the resilience and psychosocial well-being of the residents. There is no disputing the fact that as murky and waterlogged as the Makoko environment is, it is the children’s indigenous environment. This paper investigated the impact of group counselling on the resilience and psychosocial well-being of Makoko school children in their peculiar indigenous environment. It examined the children’s perception of their environment as well as their attitude towards the inclement pollution with reference to their level of resilience and interpersonal relationship. The study adopted the quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test research design. Intact classes were used for the study. A researcher-made questionnaire was used by the researchers to gather data to test the two null hypotheses. A total of 106 randomly selected school children participated in the study. Paired sample t-test statistical tool was used to determine the level of resilience and interpersonal relationship of the participants. Results showed that group counselling impacted significantly on their level of resilience and interpersonal relationship. The study recommends regular counselling interventions to enhance the rapid growth, development and psychosocial well-being of Makoko school children in their indigenous environment.
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    Open Access
    Factors influencing non-compliance behaviour of unauthorised drivers on bus rapid transit lanes in Lagos in Lagos Metropolis
    (2020-05) Malomo, B.
    The bus rapid transit lanes in Lagos are threatened by drivers of unauthorised vehicles. These vehicles could break down or be involved in a crash thereby causing delay and frustrating the major objective of constructing special lanes for the smooth operation of the bus rapid transit scheme. This study therefore employed observation method by carrying out a physical count of drivers exhibiting non-compliance behaviour on the bus rapid transit lanes for the purpose of identifying the categories of drivers that exhibit non-compliance behaviour on the lanes, and the factors responsible for their behaviour. The observation was carried out on four working days of the week, and two factors were predicted to motivate the behaviours of the drivers; traffic congestion and day of the week. In all, 652 drivers of different categories of vehicles were observed. Four hypotheses were tested using t-test and One-Way ANOVA statistics to analyse obtained data. The results revealed that drivers of private vehicles exhibited higher non-compliance behaviour compared to other categories of drivers. Additionally, traffic was a factor for non-compliance behaviour but days of the week was not a significant influence. The results are crucial for enforcement strategies, for change in policy formulation and for installation of road furniture to inform and deter unauthorized use of the bus rapid transit
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    Open Access
    Personality predictors of Driver's intention to use seat belts
    (2020-06) Malomo, B.; Balogun, S.K.
    The numerous studies that investigated the use of seat belts among Nigerian drivers utilized observational studies where physical count of seat belt users was done. None of these studies examined personality dimensions and their influence on intention of drivers to use seat belts. Thus, personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness and agreeableness and how they predict the intention of drivers to use seat belts was examined. A survey of 400 participants with a mean age of 34.34 was undertaken. Survey instruments were administered in two cities, Lagos and Ibadan through convenient sampling method. The results of the regression and linear correlation analysis performed,confirmed the predictive relationship between personality dimensions and intention to use seat belts among participants (R2=.14; F (5,394) = .14.09; P<.001). Further results confirmed a positive relationship between three personality variables r=-.27; P<.01; r=.32; P<.01; r=.27; P<.01 representing openness to experience, conscientiousness and agreeableness and intention to use seat belts. The findings of this study would enhance intervention procedures, especially knowledge transfer from enforcement officers to offenders of seat belt laws especially in rural areas where compliance is still low. Furthermore, the results are discussed in relation to developing policy formulation, training contents and incorporating behavioural principles into campaign programmes for effective seat belt usage.
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    Open Access
    ASSESSMENT OF THE BROKEN WINDOWS THEORY AND LITTERING BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY: IMPLICATION ON POST COVID-19 CLASSROOM LITTERING
    (2021) Malomo, B.; Akinbode, G.A.; Olatimehin, V.O.
    Littering behaviour causes aesthetic challenges, it is unhealthy, and due to its pervading nature especially among the youth, practical intervention is urgently required. This study examined the applicability of the broken windows theory and the two stage process model to classroom littering. The time of day litter is produced most and what items constitutes litter by students were examined. Four classrooms of a faculty in a university where different levels of students received lectures constitute the setting for this study. Litter collection took place for 5 days across 4 lecture periods per day with each classroom cleared of any litter prior to the commencement of lectures. Litter was collected, sorted and weighed according to the types of litter. Also, the hours of the day that students litter their classrooms most were observed. The broken windows theory was not endorsed, but students engaged in passive littering. Food wrappings constitute the major type of litter produced (F-ratio is significant at p<0.01; Eta square of .839). Also, students littered their classrooms throughout the day, not only in the afternoons as suggested by literature. This knowledge has implications for post-covid-19 littering behaviour of students, especially with the disposal of face masks. The onus lies with the school management to develop advocacy campaign that will focus on the significant variables examined in this study.