Distance Learning Institute

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Browsing Distance Learning Institute by Author "Adewumi, O.O."

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    Open Access
    27) Oladele E.O, Adewumi,Response of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) to Heavy Metal Stress
    (ournal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Springer Open; Beni Suef University, Egypt, 2019) Oladele, E.O.; Adewumi, O.O.; Yahaya, T; Taiwo, I.A.
    Background: Plants are usually the target of environmental pollution. This study, therefore, investigates the effects of Zinc (Zn) and lead Pb on Bambara nut (Vigna subterranean) and Maize (Zea mays) at different concentrations, as well as the possible ameliorating effect of the chelant; ethylene diamine acetate (EDTA) and farmyard manure, on the enzymatic activities, the chlorophyll, total protein, and carbohydrate contents. Results: Findings revealed that Pb and Zn increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase levels with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control Maize plants. While in Bambara nut, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), and catalase levels decreased with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg compared to control except for the malondialdehyde (MDA) which was increased. For Bambara groundnut, with increased Pb concentrations, the chlorophyll content reduced from 2.94 to 2.00 mg/g. However, there was an increase (up to 4.918 mg/g) in the chlorophyll content with increased zinc nitrate concentrations augmented with EDTA at the highest concentration. Maize plants treated with Pb augmented with farmyard manure showed an increase in chlorophyll content with increased concentrations while those assisted with EDTA still experienced a decrease as metal concentrations increased. Bambara groundnut plant had a mean carbohydrate (%) of 14.79 (control), 17.60 (100 mg/kg of Pb concentration) and 11.20 (200 mg/kg of Pb concentration), indicating a decrease in carbohydrate content with increased Pb concentrations. The same trend was observed for the different Zn and Pb concentrations on the mean total proteins and carbohydrates of both test plants. Generally, Pb and Zn induced oxidative stress in treated plants. Conclusions: Elevated activity of anti-oxidative enzymes can assist as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against oxidative damage. The results of this study could be beneficial in the understanding of the role of the defense system as well as the detoxification mechanism of Vigna subterranean and Zea mays in efficient tolerance and response to Pb and Zn. This signifies that these plants can act as bioindicators in environmental quality assessment.
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    Open Access
    Effect of Mercedes model with embedded assessment strategy and technology on the learning outcomes of biology students in Lagos Nigeria
    (Technical University of Varna Annual Journal, 2019-12-31) Oladipo, A.J.; Adewumi, O.O.; Ogundiwin, A.O.
    This study examines the effect of Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy and Technology on students’ learning outcomes in Biology. It is a quasi-experimental study which has adopted a pre-test and a post-test control group design. Four hypotheses guided the study. 568 senior secondary class I biology students from 6 randomly selected schools formed the sample size. Three instruments, namely Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy and Technology in Diffusion and Osmosis (M2EASTID and M2EASTIO), Conventional Lesson Plan on Diffusion and Osmosis (COLPOD and COLPO), and Test on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Osmosis and Diffusion (TOSLO2D) were used to generate data for the study. Frequency counts, means, deviation and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The results indisputably suggest that there is a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes and their understanding of fundamental biological concepts. Considered should also be the decisive effect of the subject specialization on the dependent measurable characteristics. Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategies and Technology therefore, proved to be effective and efficient in significantly improving the students’ learning outcomes. Hence, it is highly recommended that biology teachers in senior secondary schools adopt and integrate Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy and Technology into their teaching programmes for understanding and application of biology concepts.
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    Open Access
    Growth Response of Maize (Zea mays) to Metal Toxicity
    (Journal of Natural Science, Engineering and Technology, FUNAAB, 2018) Oladele, E.O.; Yahaya, T; Adewumi, O.O.
    This study evaluated the phytotoxic effects of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) as Pb(NO3) 2 and Zn(NO3) 2 on maize (Zea mays L) considering the plants’ growth indices, biomass as well as soil parameters and soil microorganisms after treatment. The results showed that plant growth significantly reduced with increasing concentrations (100,150 and 200 mgkg-1 ) of Pb and Zn contamination. The results indicated significant inhibitory effect on the growth parameters (stem height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight) measured, compared to control experiment. This study therefore revealed that the heavy met als have harmful effects on maize’s growth. Consequently, the consumption of such contaminated cereal by man and animals can lead to their death after the metals have biomagnified in their systems. Lead and Zn application in general, affected the vegetative growth; both fresh and dry weights were reduced with increasing concentrations of the metals. These results show that these metals are toxic to human and animal health. As a result, farmers should be encouraged to use water from good source for irrigation and also cultivate on metal-free soils if possible to save lives.