Distance Learning Institute

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    Open Access
    Mission Statements and Analysis of their Contents: A study of Some Selected Banks in Nigeria
    (2005) Olayiwola, P.O.
    The study is an attempt to identify the components of the mission statements of some vselected banks and also to examine the extent to which these banks fulfil their mission statements. A total of 37 banks' mission statements were analyzed, while 81 copies of questionnaire were administered ‘to eight of them. Nineteen different components were identified while the responses showed that most of the selected banks were making efforts to fulfil their mission statements.
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    Open Access
    Constructivist Practices through Guided Discovery Approach: The Effect on Students' Cognitive Achievements in Nigerian Senior Secondary Shoool Physics
    (University of Sofia, 2009) Akinbobola, A.O; Afolabi, F
    The study investigated constructivist practices through guided discovery approach and the effect on students’ cognitive achievement in Nigerian senior secondary school Physics. The study adopted pretestposttest control group design. A criterion sampling technique was used to select six schools out of nine schools that met the criteria. A total of 278 students took part in the study; this was made up of 141 male students and 137 female students in their respective intact classes. Physic Achievement Test (PAT) with the internal consistency of 0.77 using Kuder-Richardson formula (21) was the instrument used in collecting data. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and t-test. The results showed that guided discovery approaches was the most effective in facilitating students’ 233 achievement in physics after being taught using a pictorial organizer. This was followed by demonstration while expository was found to be the least effective. Also, there exists no significant difference in the achievement of male and female physics students taught with guided discovery, demonstration and expository teaching approaches and corresponding exposure to a pictorial organizer. It is recommended that physics teachers should endeavor to use constructivist practices through guided discovery approach in order to engage students in problem solving activities, independent learning, critical thinking and understanding, and creative learning, rather than in rote learning and memorization.
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    Open Access
    Constructivist Problem Based Learning Technique and the Academic Achievement of Physics Students with Low Ability Level in Nigerian Secondary Schools
    (Eurasian Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 2009) Afolabi, F; Akinbobola, A.O
    The study investigated the effects of constructivist problem based learning technique on the academic achievement of physics students with low ability levels in Nigeria secondary schools. Pre-test-Post-test control group design was adopted for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 2 schools out of 40co-educational secondary schools in Taraba state. 105 senior secondary school II physics students were used for the study. Physics Achievement Test (PAT) and physics Ability Level Test (PALT) were used to collect data. The kuder-Richardson coefficient of internal consistency for PAT and PALT were 0.72 and 0.76 respectively. Three hypotheses were tested at p<0.05 level of significance using t- test analysis. The result of the findings showed that the physics students with low ability level taught with problem based learning technique performed significantly better than those taught with conventional learning method. Also, student taught with problem based learning technique performed significantly better than those taught with conventional method. There was no significant gender difference in the performance of students taught with problem based learning technique. It is recommended that problem-based learning technique should be used in schools to teach various concepts in physics.
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    Open Access
    Analysis of Science Process Skills in West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Physics Practical Examinatios in Nigeria
    (University of Sofia, 2010) Afolabi, F
    This study analyzes the science process skills in West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria for a period of 10 years (1998-2007). Ex-post facto design was adopted for the study. The 5 prominent science process skills identified out of the 15 used in the study are: manipulating (17%), calculating (14%), recording (14%), observing (12%) and communicating (11%). The results also show high percentage rate of basic (lower order) science process skills (63%) as compared to the integrated (higher order) science process skills (37%). The results also indicate that the number of basic process skills is significantly higher than the integrated process skills in the West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria. It is recommended that the examination bodies in Nigeria should include more integrated science process skills into the senior secondary school physics practical examinations so as to enable the students to be prone to creativity, problem solv 33 ing, reflective thinking, originality and invention which are vital ingredients for science and technological development of any nation.
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    Open Access
    Enhancing the Role of Entrepreneurship in Creating Active Micro Business and SMEs to Meet the Challenges of Vision 2020
    (2010) Olayiwola, P.O.; Ogundele, O.J.K.
    The paper briefly discussed the significant concepts of entrepreneurship, micro-preneur, and entrepreneur and linked them with requisite personal traits for effectiveness in their roles. It highlighted the crucial importance of micro, small and medium scale enterprises to the development of all economies this is backed up with data from an empirical study in Nigeria, at the turn of this century. The roles of the entrepreneur who are the engines of the change in the developmental process are then presented. In addition, a framework for entrepreneur development should focus on the functional, behavioural and environmental methods in the training and the development of the entrepreneurs with the aim of achieving the vision 2020. The paper recommends the need for adequate infrastructural development and a sustainable and virile financial sector that will make the fund available to the entrepreneurs.
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    Open Access
    Diabetogenic Effect of Pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley (SPD) Rats: Potential use as Experimental Model of Human Gestational Diabetes
    (2010) Taiwo, I.A.; Adewumi, O.O; Odunlade, A.K.; Ogunkanmi, L.A.; Odeigah, P.G.C.
    The effect of pregnancy on the pattern of oral glucose tolerance was investigated using Sprague-Dawley (SPD) rats. Adult virgin, timed-pregnant and non-pregnant rats were subjected to brief ether anaesthesia after 18- hour overnight fasting period to allow for oro-gastric administration of glucose load at 3.0g/kg body weight (b. wt.) as 30% solution. Glucose concentration determined from the tail blood shows that the starting glucose concentration of the pregnant rats was 6.9+0.4 mmol/l, a significantly higher (P<0.05) value than 5.8 mmol/l, the starting blood glucose concentration of the non-pregnant animals (Controls). The peak blood glucose level attained at the 60th minute was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the pregnant rats (13.5+0.3 mmol/l) as compared to that of the non- pregnant rats (8.5+0.3 mmol/l). After 120minutes, the blood glucose level of the non-pregnant rats dropped to a near starting level while the corresponding value in the pregnant rats remained comparatively higher (P<0.05). Assessment of the rate of appearance and disappearance of glucose in the blood and the determination of glucose response and glucose tolerance indexes (GRI and GTI) respectively showed that pregnancy caused poor glucose utilization in the rats. The results of this short-term study suggest that pregnancy is largely diabetogenic in Sprague- Dawley (SPD) rats. The diabetogenic effect of pregnancy did not necessitate administration of any other diabetogenic agent such as streptozotocin or fructose. Thus, pregnancy induced diabetes in this strain of rats may have potential value as model of gestational diabetes in human.
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    Open Access
    A Statistical Analysis of the Performance Distance Learning Students and the Full-Time Students at the University of Lagos
    (American Journal of Business Education, 2010) Adewara, J.A.; Adeleke, I.A.; Ogundeji, R.K.; Ahani, E.B.
    The study compares the performance of distance learning students with full-time students in a traditional face-to-face learning environment. This study is one aspect of a larger research project designed to gain insight into factors that may influence the performance of distance learning students. The data used in the study represent the graduating GPA (Grade Point Average) and CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average). The result showed that students of Distance Learning Institute (DLI) performed better in business administration than the mainstream students, while the mainstream accounting students perform better than the DLI accounting students. Results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in final grades of these groups of students
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    Open Access
    Minimax Multivariate Control Chart Using a Polynomial Function
    (Applied Mathematics, 2011) Adewara, J.A.; Adekeye, K.S; Asiribo, O.E; Adejuyigbe, S.B
    Minimax control chart uses the joint probability distribution of the maximum and minimum standardized sample means to obtain the control limits for monitoring purpose. However, the derivation of the joint probability distribution needed to obtain the minimax control limits is complex. In this paper the multivariate normal distribution is integrated numerically using Simpson’s one third rule to obtain a non-linear polynomial (NLP) function. This NLP function is then substituted and solved numerically using Newton Raphson method to obtain the control limits for the minimax control chart. The approach helps to overcome the problem of obtaining the joint probability distribution needed for estimating the control limits of both the maximum and the minimum statistic for monitoring multivariate process.
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    Open Access
    Multivariate Generalized Poisson Distribution for Interference on Selected Non-Communicable Diseases in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 2012) Adewara, J.A.; Mbata, U.A
    Multivariate Generalized Poisson Distribution (MGPD) models are applied to make inferences regarding non-communicable diseases, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and ulcer in Lagos State, Nigeria. The generalized Poisson distribution is employed due to its usefulness in modeling count data in the presence of either over- or under- dispersion. Results show that the correlation between ulcer and stroke is not significant. Other pairwise comparisons of diseases are significant, thus implying that a patient who suffers from diabetes or stroke has a high propensity to also be hypertensive
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    Open Access
    Concession as a Strategic Tool for Ports Efficiency: An Assessment of the Nigerian Ports
    (American Journal of Business and Management, 2012) Oghojafor, B.E.A; Kuye, O.L.; Alaneme, G.C.
    This paper examined the problems bedeviling the operations of the Nigerian ports before the concession programme of 2006 and how well the concession has improved the performance of the Ports system. Data were collected through secondary methods such as annual reports, as well as interview and media reports. The content analysis method was adopted in analyzing the data. The findings of the study showed that the concession may for all its worth have been able to earn more income for the government but the Authority has failed to keep its part of the contract agreement especially as it concerns the provision of the enabling environment for port operations; infrastructures were still lacking, dwell time has not substantially reduced and corruption still soared high. The paper submits that the regulators of the maritime system need to do more to ensure that it is not paying lip service to its vision of being the leading port in Africa.
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    Open Access
    Environmental problems and their impact on people's health:The Nigerian context
    (Brill Sense, 2012-01-01) Ajiboye, J.O.; Afolabi, F.
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Production of bioethanol from agro-waste hydrolyzed with cashew nut shell extract
    (International Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2013) ADEKUNLE, A.A.; OSUNTOKI, A.A.; OKUNOWO, W.O.; EBABHI, A.M.
    This study examines the lignocellulytic activities of the ethanol extract of Anacardium occidentale empty nut shell on some agricultural waste. The enzyme activity assay was carried out on the extract obtained. This was measured as micromole sugar released per min. Pretreatment and natural acid saccharification was done using the extract. The result obtained showed that the enzyme activity (µ/ml) for β-1,4-exoglucanase, β -1,4-endoglucanase and xylanase was maximum 3.70 ±0.43, 0.95 ±0.03 and 2.32 ±0.10, respectively. While maximum reducing sugar yield for the waste was from sugarcane chaff (491mg/g) and rice husk gave the lowest amount of 46mg/g. Bioethanol produced was highest in sugarcane chaff (20.70±1.40g/L) at 72 hr of incubation using the yeast Pichia caribbica (IMI 398400) and lowest in rice husk (3.22±3.22g/L) with the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus (IMI 398399). This study showed that the ethanol extract of cashew nut shell is capable of producing cellulases and xylanase enzyme. The fermentation of hydrolysates obtained from the pretreatment and natural acid saccharification can give considerable amount of bioethanol thus assisting in effective waste management.
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    Open Access
    Appraising the Organisation and Management of Distance Learners' Support Services: A Study of some Nigerian Universities
    (RETRIDAL Natonal Open University of Nigeria, 2013) Alaneme, G.C.; Olayiwola, P.O.
    In recent time, great emphasis has been placed on the quality of learner support services provided by distance educators. This is as a result of its recognition as an integral and essential component of a distance learning system. Learner support services guide the learners for self-study and serve as a useful interface between the institution and the learner. It is argued that there may not be a provision of learner support services for distance learners in most dual-mode institutions. This paper reports an investigation of the type of learner support services existing for distance learners' in five dual-mode institutions and the only single-mode institution in Nigeria. The learners' perception of the availability and adequacy of such services in one of the dual-mode universities were also studied. The study used the survey method, which involved the use of self- completing questionnaire and observation. Two staff, each of the universities, making a total of twelve, and two hundred and sixteen students formed the sample size of the study. Frequency tables, as well as percentages, were used for the analysis. Findings showed that support services were available though not adequate. Students suggested areas of interest to be improved upon in the learning support provision.
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    Open Access
    Indigenous Management Thoughts, Concepts and Practices: The Case of The Igbos of Nigeria.
    (Australian Journal of Business and Management Research., 2013-04) Oghojafor, B.E.A; Alaneme, G.C.; Kuye, O.L
    This paper examines core values and practices of traditional Igbo culture which have semblance with the modern management approaches and theories. The paper adopted the matching concept method and developed a model of relationship. It argues that the Igbo societies managed their affairs effectively in a manner similar to selected scientific principles and practices of the West even though it was not documented. It also submits that native management structures in advance encouraged the successful adoption of management practices from the western culture. In this paper, Human relations, Teams, Motivation, Management Functions and Decision Making are posited as African and core values of Ndigbo (the Igbos) which supported the movement of management theories in useful direction.
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    Open Access
    Alternative Payment Systems Implication for Currency Demand and Monetary Policy in Developing Economy: A Case Study of Nigeria
    (International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2013-05-16) Oyelami, Lukman O; Yinusa, Dauda O
    This paper investigates the implication of the alternative payment systems on currency demand and monetary policy using monthly data between 2008 and 2010. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used due to endogenous assumption that predicated our model and the co-integrating behavour of variables employed. Previous theoretical and empirical studies on this issue are scarce for developing economies and to best of our knowledge none exists for Nigeria. The empirical results from Impulse-Response reveal that internet payment and mobile money substitute currency while credit card (ATM) and Point of Sale (POS) compliment it. Similarly, Apart from debit card (ATM) and internet payment (WEB) all other payment channels respond negatively to innovation in interest rate throughout the periods including currency. This finding may have serious implication for the conduct of monetary policy especially in developing countries as it alternative payment systems seem to dampen the effectiveness of monetary policy
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    Open Access
    Effectiveness of Career Development and Cognitive Reframe Therapy on Irrational Career thoughts among Secondary School Students. The African Symposium
    (The African Symposium: An online journal of the African Educational Research Network, 2013-12) Adegun, A.O.; Aremu, O.
    Choosing a professional career is an important step that influences the aspirations of students. Students sometimes are unable to make a decision about the career they wish to pursue later in life. Career practitioners in Nigeria have observed that most secondary school leavers in Nigeria often make poor career decisions due to unrealistic vocational aspirations. Despite vast researches on adolescents’ career problems, irrational career thought remain largely understudied within the field of vocational psychology in Nigeria. This study examined the effectiveness of Career Development (CD) and Cognitive Reframe (CR) therapy in reducing irrational career thoughts of secondary school students. A sample of 96 Senior Secondary School one students with irrational career thoughts were purposively selected from three randomly selected Senior Secondary Schools in Ogun State Nigeria. There were two treatment conditions (CD and CR) that lasted for seven weeks. Career Thought Inventory (α = 0.86) was use to collect data. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. There was a significant main effect of treatment on dysfunctional career thoughts of secondary school students. CD and CR were found to be effective in reducing irrational career thoughts of secondary school students. Implications of these on career development in Nigeria were discussed.
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    Open Access
    Survey and Phytochemical Analyses of Plants Use for the Treatment of Childhood Diseases in Ojo Lga, Lagos State.
    (International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2014) EBABHI, A.M.; ADEOGUN, O.O.; ADEKUNLE, A.A.
    The local use and phytochemical analyses of plants used for the treatments of some children’s diseases were conducted in Ojo local government in Lagos state, the area is predominantly of Awori stock. The information was gathered via unstructured questionnaires; the information gathered was used to prepare decoctions with liquid remains of processed grind maize (Omi Idun) for the treatment of diseases in children. The decoctions were later screened and determined for phytochemical constituents. The survey of the plants indicated forty four species of plants belonging to twenty eight families used for the treatment of impetigo, convulsion, shortage of blood, typhoid fever and haemorrhoids in children. The prepared decoctions showed the presence of phenol having the highest quantity among the constituents for the treatment of impetigo, flavonoid in blood supplement, tannin in typhoid, cardiac glycosides in measles and alkaloid in haemorrhoid. Roots, barks and leaves were the parts used for the preparation of different decoctions based on this study. The information gathered from the survey depicts the largely dependence of the indigent’s parents on medicinal plants to meet the need of the primary health care of their children and the phytoconstituents quantified might be responsible for the activity of the decoctions against the causal organisms of the diseases mentioned.
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    Open Access
    The genotoxic effectof Lead and Zinc on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.)
    (Ife Journal of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2014-04-24) Oladele, E.O; Odeigah, P.G.C.; Taiwo, I.A.; Yahaya, T.
    An investigation was carried out on the treatment effect of lead and zinc on the chromosomes of cowpea and maize. The seeds of cowpea and maize were placed in Petri dishes in three replicates and allowed to germinate for 5 days in different concentrations: 25mg/L, 50mg/L and 100mg/L of both lead and zinc nitrates respectively, while the control group had distilled water. The total chromosomal aberrations were examined. The mitotic index was calculated and the results were statistically evaluated by the analysis of variance at 5% significant level. The mitotic index decreased as the metal concentration increased (P < 0.05). The highest mitotic index values were 2.70±0.83 and 3.40±0.88 for the cowpea and maize untreated plants (control) respectively, while the least values observed were 0.20±0.13 and 1.80±0.70 for cowpea and maize treated with the 100 mg/L Zn respectively. The results showed the most frequent chromosomal anomalies induced by these heavy metals as stickiness, vagrants and bridges. Pb was found to be more toxic than Zn, as no germination was observed in both plants for the highest concentration of Pb tested. For Zn, there were no aberrations observed in cowpea at the highest concentration tested as well, while 22.22% aberrations were observed for maize. Pb induced greater aberrations having percentage abnormalities of 48.0%, 21.74% while Zn had 35.71%, 28.57% in maize and cowpea respectively for the 25mg/L concentration. As more abnormalities accumulate, gamete formation is affected and this lead to non-viable gametes, which considerably reduces plant fertility. The results from this study showed that Pb and Zn can induce genotoxicity in plants and these suggest potential health risk to human populations.
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    Open Access
    Bank recapitalization and real sector performance: Empirical evidence from Nigeria
    (International journal of finance and banking studies, 2014-07-20) Akinkoye, Yemi E; Oyelami, Lukman O
    This study investigates the impact of bank recapitalization on real sector performance in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examines the direct effect (bank investment) and indirect effect (loans and advances to real sector) on real sector output growth between the period 1986 and 2012.This study departs from previous studies because we aggregate the three leading sectors (agriculture, manufacturing and building and construction) of the Nigerian economy to arrive at our real sector index. Also, having carefully subjected our data to necessary econometric tests we employed chow test for structural break to test for the existence of policy shift between bank capital base and loan to the real sector of the Nigerian economy as a result of bank recapitalisation policy .Similarly, OLS estimates was used to determine the direct and indirect effect of bank capital base and real sector output growth. The results from structure break tests reveal that bank recapitalization policy causes policy shift in bank capital base and loan to real sector thus the policy is of significant impact to real sector performance .In corollary, the result from the OLS strongly indicates that bank capital base has significant effect on realsector output growth directly and indirectly. We then conclude that Nigerian banks should be adequately capitalised as to play active intermediateting roles expected of them in this modern and competitive global economy
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    Open Access
    Science literacy in Nigeria: Veritable tool for development by the year 2020
    (World Centre of Innovation Research and Publication & Near East University, 2014-08-22) Afolabi, F; Mwakapenda, W
    The world has changed in such a way that science has become necessary for everyone not just a privileged few. In developing countries like Nigeria, the Federal government of Nigeria seems to have realised these by making frantic efforts over the years to make science literacy compulsory and relevant to all his citizenry. This paper examined the effects of two instructional strategies on the cognitive achievement of villagers in science literacy curriculum. It also looked at the effect of gender on cognitive achievement in science literacy curriculum. Fifty-seven (57) villagers participated in the study. A random sampling technique was used to select the participants from six (6) villages in Baruteen local government area of Kwara state. The research design adopted for the study was quasi- experimental design. Science Literacy Achievement Test (SLAT) which was designed by the researcher has reliability coefficient of 0.75 using Kuder-Richardson-21. T-test was used to analyse the data collected. The results showed that villagers taught with entertainment strategy performed significantly better than those taught using expository strategy. In the same vein, male villagers performed significantly better than their female counterparts. Discussions were stated according to results, and recommendations were given.