Department of Pharmacognosy

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Browsing Department of Pharmacognosy by Author "Adeyemi, O.O."

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  • Item
    Open Access
    The aqueous root extract of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl.) Aristolochiaceae inhibits chemically induced inflammation in rodents.
    (Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, 2014) Aigbe, F.R.; Adeyemi, O.O.; Sofidiya, M.O.
    The potential of the aqueous root extract of Aristolochia ringens (AR) (10-100 mg/kg p.o) to inhibit inflammation induced by phlogistics was evaluated using the carrageenan and egg albumin induced rat paw oedema, formaldehyde induced arthritic inflammation and xylene induced mouse ear oedema models. AR (10-50 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased rat paw oedema in the carrageenan and egg albumin induced inflammation, producing comparable inhibition of 57.1% and 65.6% to the 57.9% and 63.9% of indomethacin and diclofenac (10 mg/kg p.o) respectively at 50 mg/kg. AR (10-50 mg/kg) also dose dependently inhibited formaldehyde-induced arthritic paw oedema over the 10 day observation period, with a greater inhibition of 50% at 50 mg/kg than the 40.8% inhibition by diclofenac (10 mg/kg i.p). AR (50 mg/kg) also produced greater inhibition of 84.78% than the 65.21% by dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) in xylene-induced ear oedema. Results show that the aqueous root extract of Aristolochia ringens possesses antiinflammatory activity.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Evaluation of the toxicity potential of acute and sub-acute exposure to the aqueous root extract of Aristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae)
    (Elsevier, 2019) Aigbe, F.R.; Sofidiya, M.O.; James, A.B.; Sowemimo, A.A.; Akindere, O.K.; Aliu, M.O.; Dosunmu, A.A.; Chijioke, M.C.; Adeyemi, O.O.
    Ethnopharmacological relevance: Aristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae) is used traditionally in Nigeria for managing a number of ailments including gastrointestinal disturbances, rheumatoid arthritis, pile, insomnia, oedema, and snake bite venom. Some studies in our laboratory have demonstrated a scientific justification for some of such uses. This study aims at investigating the toxicological actions of the aqueous root extract of Aristolochia ringens (AR). Materials and methods: Brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out using 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml of the extract. Oral and intraperitoneal acute toxicity tests were carried out using mice. The effect of sub-acute (30 days) repeated oral exposure to the extract at 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg in rats was also evaluated via weekly assessments of body weights and general observations as well as end of exposure haematological, biochemical and histo-logical examinations of blood and tissue samples of treated rats. Phytochemical analyses to determine the presence of aristolochic acid I in the extract was also carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The aqueous root extract of A. ringens showed potential for biological activity and cytotoxicity with an LC50 of 175 μg/ml in brine shrimps. AR was found to be relatively safe on acute oral exposure with LD50 esti-mated to be greater than 10 g/kg, while its LD50 on intraperitoneal administration was 407.38 mg/kg. Upon 30 days sub-chronic exposure, AR induced significant weight loss in female rats, enlargement of male rats' stomach, oxidative stress in male and female rats’ kidney and liver tissues and disruption of leukocytes level in female rats. It also showed evidence of kidney and liver injuries inducible by oxidative damage and the potential to cause male sterility. HPLC revealed the presence of 0.003 mg/1 g of aristolochic acid in AR. Conclusion: These results show that AR contains detectible aristolochic acid I and has potential to induce toxic responses. Caution must therefore be exercised in its medicinal application especially when required for a prolonged use.
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    Open Access
    Gastroprotective effects of the aqueous seed extract of Entada gigas (Linn.) Fawc. and Rendle (Fabaceae) in ulcer models in rats
    (Kenya Society for Basic and Applied Pharmacology, 2016) Akindele, A.J; Salako, O.A.; Ajibulu, A.J; Osiagwu, D.D.; Adeyemi, O.O.
    Background: The extract of Entada gigas Linn. (Fabaceae) is used for the treatment of ulcer in Nigerian local medicine. Objectives: This study investigated the gastroprotective effects of the aqueous seed extract of E. gigas on gastric ulcers in rats. Methodology: The ethanol- (EIU), pylorus ligation- (PLIU) and cold restraint stress (CRSIU)-induced ulcer models were used. The aqueous seed extract was administered at doses of 50-400 mg/kg p.o. Estimations of gastric content volume, pH and titratable acidity in PLIU test and ulcer score/index in all models were done. Results: In the EIU test, E. gigas produced significant reduction (p < 0.05) in ulcer scores, with peak effect elicited at 100 mg/kg (2.30 ± 0.99; 87.22% inhibition), compared with control (10.80 ± 0.80). This effect was comparable to that of misoprostol (3.00 ± 1.31; 83.33% inhibition). In the PLIU test, the extract caused significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the ulcer score compared with control (6.30 ± 0.70). Peak effect was elicited at the dose of 200 mg/kg (ulcer score 2.90 ± 0.83; 63.17%). This effect was comparable to that of cimetidine (2.60 ± 0.93; 66.98%). Also, the extract at 50 and 200 mg/kg, and cimetidine 100 mg/kg (0.24 ± 0.07, 1.06 ± 0.22 and 1.02 ± 0.16 mL/4 h, respectively) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the volume of gastric content relative to control (2.32 ± 0.33 mL/4 h). In the CRSIU test, E. gigas caused significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the ulcer score, with the greatest effect produced at the dose of 50 mg/kg (0.80 ± 0.49; 92.38% inhibition), relative to control (4.20 ± 0.64). This effect was comparable to that of misoprostol (1.40 ± 0.60; 80% inhibition). Conclusion: The aqueous seed extract of E. gigas possess significant antiulcer activity mediated via cytoprotective and anti-secretory mechanisms.