Department of Pharmacognosy

Permanent URI for this community

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3745

Browse

Browsing Department of Pharmacognosy by Author "Afolayan, A.J."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Item
    Open Access
    Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the aqueous extract of Acacia karroo stem bark in experimental animal
    (Wiley Online Library, 2008) Adedapo, A.A.; Sofidiya, M.O.; Masika, P.J.; Afolayan, A.J.
    The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Acacia karroo Hayne was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animal models. The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced significantly the formation of oedema induced by carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good analgesic effect characterized by a significant reduction in the number of writhes with two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) used when compared to the untreated control group. In the tail immersion test, the extract at the doses used (100 and 200 mg/kg) increased reaction time to pain after 30 min. of oral administration of the extract. Indomethacin at 10 mg/kg served as reference drug in all these tests. The results gave a scientific basis to the traditional uses of Acacia karroo mainly for wound poultices, eye treatments and cold remedies.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the aqueous extracts of Margaritaria discoidea (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark in experimental animal models
    (University of Costa Rica, 2009) Adedapo, A.A.; Sofidiya, M.O.; Afolayan, A.J.
    Margaritaria discoidea is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various body pains in Central, Eastern and Southern Africa. The aqueous extract of its stem bark was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animal models. The extract at 50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight reduced significantly the formation of oedema induced by carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract had a good analgesic effect characterized by a reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. Similarly, the extract caused dose-dependent decrease of licking time and licking frequency in rats injected with 2.5% formalin. These results were also comparable to those of indomethacin, the reference drug used in this study. Acute toxicity test showed that the plant may be safe for pharmacological uses. This study has provided some justification for the folkloric use of the plant in several communities for conditions such as stomachache, pain and inflammations.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Antioxidant properties of the methanol extract from the leaves of Paullinia pinnata
    (Mary Ann Liebert, 2007) Jimoh, F.O.; Sofidiya, M.O.; Afolayan, A.J.
    Paullinia pinnata is an African woody vine widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria. In order to throw more light into its mechanisms of pharmacological actions, the in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanol extract of its leaves were evaluated using different testing systems. Its scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals as well as its ferric ion reducing power were assessed. The results showed that P. pinnata possessed strong scavenging activity and moderate reducing power. The total phenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents of the extracts were very close to those reported for most medicinal plants and showed good correlation with its antioxidant activities. These properties are probably part of the reasons why P. pinnata is effective in folk medicine.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Medicinal potential of the root of Arctotis arctotoides
    (Taylor & Francis, 2007) Afolayan, A.J.; Jimoh, F.O.; Sofidiya, M.O.; Koduru, S.; Lewu, F.B.
    The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the acetone, methanol, and water extracts from the root of Arctotis arctotoides (L.f.) O. Hoffm (Asteraceae) were assessed in an effort to validate the medicinal potential of the subterranean part of the herb. The antioxidant activities of acetone and methanol extracts as determined by the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods were higher than that of water extracts. The extracts showed significant activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The strongest activity was found in the acetone extract on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus kristinae, and Streptococcus pyrogens with an MIC of 0.1 mg=mL. Although not completely fungicidal, these extracts showed significant growth inhibition against all the fungi tested. Antioxidant and antimicrobial acti-vities of the extracts were strongly correlated with total phenols and to a lesser extent with their flavonoids and proanthocyanidins contents. This study has validated the medicinal potential of the underground part of A. arctotoides.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Phenolic contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Hymenocardia acida
    (Taylor & Francis, 2009) Sofidiya, M.O.; Odukoya, O.A.; Afolayan, A.J.; Familoni, O.B.
    This study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts from Hymenocardia acida Tul. (Hymenocardiaceae). The inhibition values of the extracts and quercetin were found to be very close, with no significant differences at a concentration of 0.05 mg mL-1 in their ability to inhibit 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Total proanthocyanidins for both water and methanol extracts were 20.2 ±0.01 and 30.6 ±0.51 mg g-1 (catechin equivalent) while the total phenol contents were 20.0 ±0.52 and 35.6 ±1.42 mg mL-1 (tannic acid equivalent), respectively. Positive correlations R2 =0.85, R2 = 0.94, R2 =0.97 for DPPH, reducing power and 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline) 6-sulphonic acid (ABTS). Linear regression analysis also produced a high correlation coefficient with total proanthocyanidins (DPPH, R2 = 0.69; ABTS, R2 = 0.94). H. acida extracts showed low antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ≥5.0 mg mL-1) against gram negative bacteria but significantly (MIC value ≥2.5 mg mL-1) inhibited the growth of the gram positive strains tested. Qualitative TLC of the extract was positive for flavonoids, phenols, steroids and triterpenoids. The results of this study support the use of H. acida in traditional Nigerian medicine and show that the alcoholic extract of the leaves can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidant and can be of assistance in some dermatological problems.