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Browsing Zoology-Scholarly Publications by Author "Adeyemi O.O."
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- ItemOpen AccessBLOOD AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PROTOZOA INFECTIONS OF DOMESTICATED CHICKEN SLAUGHTERED IN LAGOS CENTRAL, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA.(UNILAG Journal of Medicine, Science and Technology (UJMST), 2019) Adeyemi O.O.; Idowu E.T.; Otubanjo O.A.; Ajayi M.B.This study investigated the prevalence and intensity of blood and intestinal protozoa infections of domestic chickens slaughtered at the Oyingbo live-bird market in Lagos State, Nigeria. Blood and intestinal samples were collected from a total of 100 birds from October through December, 2016. Thin and thick smears of blood were parasitologically screened. Mucosal scrapings and intestinal contents were examined microscopically in the laboratory for other parasitic infections using wet preparation and Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining techniques. Parasitaemia counts were estimated. Oocysts of eimeria spp. were recorded in the various sections of the alimentary canal. Plasmodium spp. were the only haemoprotozoa encountered in the study, with a prevalence of 16%. There was no statistically significant difference in malaria infection between sexes and breeds of chickens (p>0.05). of the birds sampled in the study, 22 (22%) were infected with eimeria spp., while 18 (18%) had cryptosporidium spp. infection. exotic breeds had a higher prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium spp. infection than the local breeds (p<0.05). There was however no statistically significant difference in the enteric protozoa infections between sexes of the chickens (p>0.05). Majority of the birds (72.2%) infected with Cryptosporidium spp. had unapparent infections when compared to those with severe and low-grade infections (p<0.05). Eimeria spp. was most prevalent in the jejunum (29.41%) and occurred least in the large intestine (8.82%). The occurrence of protozoan infections among poultry in this study suggests the need for control, so as to deliver safe and wholesome poultry products.
- ItemOpen AccessEimeria Species and Haemosporidia of Domestic Chickens and Guinea Fowls Sold at Selected Poultry Markets in Lagos, Nigeria.(Pan African Journal of Life Sciences, 2019) Idowu E.T.; Adeyemi O.O.; Ezenwanne S.C.; Otubanjo O.A.; Ajayi M.B.Parasitic diseases are a major setback to sustainable poultry production. This study determined the occurrence of Eimeria species and haemosporidia among domestic chickens and helmeted guinea fowls in live-bird markets in Lagos State, Nigeria. Blood samples and intestinal contents at three distinct segments of the gut were collected from 60 domestic chickens and guinea fowls each. Wet smears of intestinal contents were microscopically examined for oocysts typical of Eimeria species while thin films of blood were Giemsa-stained for the demonstration of protozoa. Results revealed that 19(31.7%) and 21(35%) chickens and guinea fowls were positive for Eimeria spp. infection respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Eimeria spp. infections between the chicken breeds nor between sexes of both birds. Oocysts of Eimeria were mostly recovered from the caeca and small intestines of the guinea fowls and chickens respectively. Domestic chickens were infected with three different haemoprotozoa: Plasmodium spp. (23.3%), Leucocytozoon spp. (6.7%) and Haemoproteus spp. (3.3%); while Plasmodium spp. (15%) and Haemoproteus spp. (3.3%) were the only blood protozoa infecting guinea fowls. The infection rates of haemosporidia between the breeds of chickens and the sexes of both birds did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Eimeria parasites and haemosporidia are prevalent among chickens and guinea fowls sold in Lagos State. To prevent severe economic losses in the future, appropriate control measures should be designed and implemented.
- ItemOpen AccessEpidemiological Determinants of Entamoeba histolytica and Schistosoma spp. Infections in Selected Communities in Ijebu-East Local Government Area of Ogun State.(Cairo: Ain Shams University Faculty of Science Department of Entomology, 2022-07-20) Akinsanya B.; Okonofua C.C.; Oluwole A.A.; Adubi T.O.; Adeyemi O.O.Amoebiasis and schistosomiasis remain major public health problems in poor, developing countries with poor sanitary and water infrastructure. Disease surveillance provides necessary data for intervention programs. This study, therefore, determined the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Schistosoma spp. and assessed associated risk factors in selected communities in the Ijebu-East Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Urine and stool samples were randomly collected from 123 people living in five communities in the study area. Stool samples were subjected to the Kato-katz method for the detection of E. histolytica cysts and Schistosoma ova. Urine samples were examined by filtration technique for the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Demographic and socio-economic data, and knowledge, attitude and perceptions of subjects to infection were assessed using a standard questionnaire.Results: The study revealed that only 7(5.7%) of the 123 study participants were infected with E. histolytica. Females (8.3%) were more infected than males (1.96%) (p>0.05), and the age group >51 years had the least prevalence (p>0.05) of E. histolytica infection. None of the assessed risk factors were significantly associated with infection. However, subjects that had watery stools had a significantly higher prevalence of infection (P<0.05). Schistosoma spp. infections were not detected in this study, but respondents’ frequent contact with water bodies in their communities was shown. Conclusions: This study confirmed the presence of E. histolytica infection in Ijebu-East LGA, although at low prevalence. Health education is imperative to improve personal hygiene practices and prevent the transmission of these infections in the study area.
- ItemOpen AccessKnowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Poultry Farmers Regarding the Control of Chicken Coccidiosis in Lagos State, Nigeria(Pan African Journal of Life Sciences, 2023-04-21) Adeyemi O.O.; Idowu E.T.; Akinsanya B.; Jatau I.D.Background: Coccidiosis, caused by coccidia of the genus Eimeria, accounts for significant production loss-es in the global poultry industry. This study evaluated commercial poultry farmers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) on chicken coccidiosis and its control in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: Semi-structured questionnaires assessing KAPs relating to chicken coccidiosis and its control were administered to 157 poultry farmers. Summary statistics were performed on the collated data using the Statis-tical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The relationship between respondents’ knowledge and demographic features was analysed using the Chi-square test of independence on SPSS. Results were consid-ered significant at p < 0.05. Results: The majority of the respondents were males (91, 58%), married (108, 68.7%), and between 31 and 50 years old (106, 67.5%). Most have had tertiary education (84, 53.5%) and farming experience between 1 and 5 years (97, 61.8%). All the respondents have heard about coccidiosis previously, and of these, 57 (36.3%), 45 (28.7%), and 37 (23.6%) sourced this information from veterinarians, fellow farmers, and during training/workshops, respectively. Ingestion of faecally contaminated feed and water by chickens was opined as the cause of coccidiosis by 48 (30.6%) respondents, followed by bacteria (30, 19.1%) and poor hygiene and sanitation (27, 17.2%). Most mentioned that ingesting faecally contaminated feed and water (126, 80.2%) is the mode of coccidiosis transmission, and 76 (48.4%) identified bloody and watery diarrhea as the major clinical sign. The gender of the farmers and their educational status were significantly associated with the level of coccidiosis knowledge. Of the study participants, 150 (95.5%) have experienced an outbreak of coccidiosis on their farms before, and the majority observed bloody diarrhea (90, 60.0%) as the major clinical sign. None of the farmers used ionophore drugs. Embazin-forte® (Sulphaquinoxaline) was the drug most reportedly used to prevent and treat coccidiosis. Few farmers (11, 7%) adopted anticoccidial vaccines for coccidiosis prevention using either Immucox®, Livacox®, or both. Conclusion: This study showed that poultry farmers in Lagos State have adequate knowledge of chicken coccidiosis. Chemical anticoccidials were the only drugs used for prevention and treatment, and vaccines were not adopted. There is a need for veterinarians and poultry extension workers to enlighten farmers in the study area about the proper, safe, and effective use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines.
- ItemOpen AccessStatus of Eimeria infections of sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State, Southwest, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2021) Adeyemi O.O.; Idowu E.T.; Ikenweiwe J.C.; Otubanjo O.A.Coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria, continues to challenge profitable small ruminant production worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of Eimeria and identify the species infecting sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State. Fresh faeces were collected from 83 sheep and 51 goats. The faecal samples were grossly examined for their consistency and subjected to salt floatation to detect the presence of Eimeria oocysts. Morphometric measurements of oocysts were taken for species identification. The number of oocysts/ml of faeces were estimated using a haemocytometer. Results revealed that 67 (80.7%) sheep and 34 (66.7%) goats were positive for Eimeria. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection between male and female of both animals (P > 0.05). The difference in infection rates between the breeds of sheep were also insignificant (P > 0.05). Goats with diarrheic stool had higher faecal oocyst counts (20400 oocysts/ml) when compared to those with normal stool (5250 oocysts/ml). E. faurei (41%), E. ovinoidalis (36%) and E. intricata (31%) were the most common of the 11 species infecting sheep in this study. Of the 8 species recovered from goats, E. ninakhloyakimovae (51%) and E. alijevi (39%) were the most frequent. The high incidence of pathogenic Eimeria species detected in the study area poses serious economic risks to stakeholders in Lagos State and Nigeria at large. Small ruminant farmers and traders are advised to improve biosecurity and sanitary conditions where livestock are kept.