Department of Community Health and Primary Care

Permanent URI for this community

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3605

Browse

Browsing Department of Community Health and Primary Care by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 259
  • Item
    Open Access
    Hypoglycaemic action of medicinal plants with tolbutamide in the albino rats
    (DIABETES INTERNATIONAL, 1999-11) Odeigah, P.G.C; Taiwo, I.A; Akomolafe, E.O; Durojaiye, O.O
    Full texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Physician Education on infant hearing loss in a developing country. 2006; 9 (4): 373-377
    (IOS Press, 2006) Olusanya, B.O.; Roberts, A.A.
    Background: Physicians often account for delays in detection and intervention for infant hearing loss for reasons that are rarely investigated, especially in developing countries. This study, therefore, explores current physician knowledge, attitude and training towards infant hearing loss in Nigeria. Methods: Knowledge of documented risk factors, intervention options and attitude towards timely intervention for infant hearing loss was investigated through a questionnaire survey among 246 final year medical students and 161 physicians drawn from tertiary hospitals in Lagos. Results: Medical students were significantly less knowledgeable than practising physicians about most risk factors for hearing loss except for craniofacial anomalies, intra-uterine infections and low birthweight. Few respondents (11.4-42.9%) were knowledgeable about the risk of low birthweight and maternal exposure to noise in pregnancy for infant hearing loss. Medical students were significantly more aware of early detection possibility (67.8% vs 38.9 %, p=0.000) and more knowledgeable about the use of hearing aids for babies (57.3% vs 50.3%). Most respondents had a fairly positive attitude towards parental concern and early detection while medical students were significantly more positive in their attitude towards infant hearing screening (86.6% vs 74.5%, p=0.002). Conclusions: Medical students demonstrated greater awareness of early detection possibilities for infant hearing loss than physicians, although they had limited knowledge of some important risk factors. Continuing physician education reflecting evidence-based trends in child healthcare is necessary, while medical education also needs to be updated periodically.
  • Item
    Open Access
    HIV Related Stigma and Discrimination: The Attitudes and Behavior of Workers in Insurance Companies in Lagos State
    (Nig Hosp Pract, 2010) Odukoya, O.O.; Osibogun, A.O.; Onajole, A.T.; Odeyemi, K.A; Oridota, E.S.; Balogun, M.R.
    One of the greatest health problems threatening the human race is the HIV/AIDS pandemic. HIV/AIDS stigma and its related discrimination is a major constraint to the prevention and control of HIV. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a selective impact on young men and women who constitute the main stay of the workforce. This study aims to assess the opinion of workers in a corporate setting regarding HIVrelated stigma and discrimination and their attitudes towards HIV positive persons in the workplace. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out. Asemi-structured, self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was filled by four hundred workers in three randomly selected insurance companies in Lagos State. All workers present at work on the day of the survey were given the questionnaires to fill. All questionnaires were filled independently and collected immediately after they had been filled. Data was collated and analyzed using Epi info software version 6. Most of the respondents (83%) were of the opinion that HIV positive persons were being unfairly treated in the society and almost all of them (93%) believed that they did not deserve such treatment. However up to 25% of them felt that an employer had the right to deny a person employment solely based on his/her HIVstatus and up to 15% believed that HIVpositive persons should be isolated. Forty four percent of respondents would not share an office computer with a known HIVpositive co worker, 47.7% would not share the same eating utensils and 55.9% would not share the same toilet with a known HIV positive co-worker. Similarly, up to 64% felt that there should be separate dining facilities for HIV positive persons and almost 60% felt that there should be separate toilet facilities for HIVpositive persons. This was despite the fact that over 95% of the respondents were aware that HIV could not be transmitted by such means. Almost a quarter (23.5%) of the respondents would not openly associate with known HIV positive persons. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex, income, ethnicity or religion and the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (p>0.05) however educational level was found to be significantly associated with the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (P<0.05). The findings of this study highlight the need for special emphasis on HIV-related stigma and discrimination as a vital part of HIV awareness campaigns in the work place
  • Item
    Open Access
    HIV related stigma and discrimination: the attitudes and behavior of workers in insurance companies in Lagos State
    (Nigerian Hospital Practice, 2010) Odukoya, OO; Osibogun, A; Odeyemi, KA; Oridota, ES; Balogun, MR
    One of the greatest health problems threatening the human race is the HIV/AIDS pandemic. HIV/AIDS stigma and its related discrimination is a major constraint to the prevention and control of HIV. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a selective impact on young men and women who constitute the main stay of the workforce. This study aims to assess the opinion of workers in a corporate setting regarding HIVrelated stigma and discrimination and their attitudes towards HIV positive persons in the workplace. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out. Asemi-structured, self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was filled by four hundred workers in three randomly selected insurance companies in Lagos State. All workers present at work on the day of the survey were given the questionnaires to fill. All questionnaires were filled independently and collected immediately after they had been filled. Data was collated and analyzed using Epi info software version 6. Most of the respondents (83%) were of the opinion that HIV positive persons were being unfairly treated in the society and almost all of them (93%) believed that they did not deserve such treatment. However up to 25% of them felt that an employer had the right to deny a person employment solely based on his/her HIV status and up to 15% believed that HIV positive persons should be isolated. Fortyfour percent of respondents would not share an office computer with a known HIV positive coworker, 47.7% would not share the same eating utensils and 55.9% would not share the same toilet with a known HIV positive co-worker. Similarly, up to 64% felt that there should be separate dining facilities for HIV positive persons and almost 60% felt that there should be separate toilet facilities for HIV positive persons. This was despite the fact that over 95% of the respondents were aware that HIV could not be transmitted by such means. Almost a quarter (23.5%) of the respondents would not openly associate with known HIV positive persons. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex, income, ethnicity or religion and the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (p>0.05) however educational level was found to be significantly associated with the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (P<0.05). The findings of this study highlight the need for special emphasis on HIV-related stigma and discrimination as a vital part of HIV awareness campaigns in the work place.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Knowledge and attitude of Youth Corps members in Lagos to sickle cell disease
    (The tropical Journal of health Sciences, 2010) Olatona, F.A.; Odeyemi, K.A.
    Sickle cell disease has remained a public health problem in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the knowledge and attitudes of unmarried NYSC members in Lagos State to sickle cell disease and screening. This study was a cross sectional study. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected from 220 Youth Corps Members in Lagos State using a self administered questionnaire. Almost all the respondents were aware of sickle cell but only 25.3% had good level of knowledge about it. Most of the Sicklerespondents had positive attitudes to many aspects of sickle cell disease. However, their perception of risk of the trait in relatives and partners, as well as the risk of the disease in children was very low. There was a significant relationship between level of knowledge on sickle cell and having a genotype test (p<0.05). Many respondents have a poor level of knowledge and a low perception of the risk of sickle cell in their proposed children. Health education and screening programmes should be targeted at undergraduates and new graduates to improve their knowledge and attitude towards sickle cell disease so that they can make informed decisions concerning procreation.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Knowledge and practice of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among traditional birth attendants in Lagos state, Nigeria
    (The Pan African Medical Journal, 2010) Balogun, M; Odeyemi, K
    Background:Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) assist most deliveries in Nigeria. Knowing and understanding all issues surrounding HIV/AIDS and Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) can help them to protect themselves and others. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of PMTCT amongst TBAs in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. Multistage sampling method was used to select 108 registered TBAs in 2 local governments areas who were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: All the respondents were aware of HIV but their awareness of PMTCT specifically was not as high. Only 8.3% of the respondents had good level of knowledge about HIV and PMTCT and up to 13% of them claimed to be able to cure HIV using native remedies. The practices of HIV counseling of patients and referral of patients for HIV testing were low and higher levels of knowledge positively influenced these practices significantly (p < 0.05). They were also deficient in certain measures to prevent infection of patients and themselves. Conclusion: Most of the TBAs did not have adequate knowledge and practice of PMTCT illustrating the need for periodic PMTCT training for TBAs.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Preference for private hospital-based maternity services in inner-city Lagos, Nigeria: An observational study
    (Elsevier, 2010-08) Olusanya, B.O.; Roberts, A.A.; Olufunlayo, T.F.; Inem, V.A.
    Objectives: To determine factors associated with maternal preference for delivery in private hospitals in an urban community in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional study of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of mothers and their newborns attending Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization clinics in inner-city Lagos, Nigeria. Factors associated with delivery in private hospitals were determined using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 3296 mothers enlisted for this study 1659 (50.3%) delivered in private hospitals and 1637 (49.7%) in public hospitals. Government hospitals had a higher proportion of doctors at delivery. Use of private obstetric services was significantly associated with ethnicity, religion, social class and obstetric history. Infants delivered at private hospitals were significantly more likely to be undernourished and have severe hyperbilirubinemia but less likely to be preterm and at no greater risk of hearing loss. Conclusions: Current global strategies to expand facility-based deliveries in order to reduce maternal and child mortality rates need to be complemented by improved regulatory/supervisory framework at country levels to better serve mothers and their offspring in urban areas who may opt for private hospitals usually lacking adequate obstetric and pediatric facilities against the backdrop of the rapid urban transition in Africa.
  • Item
    Open Access
    HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination in the workplace: A study among workers in a corporate setting in Lagos state.
    (Nigerian Hospital Practice, 2010-09) Odukoya, OO; Osibogun, AO; Onajole, AT; Odeyemi, KA; Oridota, ES; Balogun, MR
    One of the greatest health problems threatening the human race is the HIV/AIDS pandemic. HIV/AIDS stigma and its related discrimination is a major constraint to the prevention and control of HIV. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a selective impact on young men and women who constitute the main stay of the workforce. This study aims to assess the opinion of workers in a corporate setting regarding HIVrelated stigma and discrimination and their attitudes towards HIV positive persons in the workplace. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out. Asemi-structured, self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was filled by four hundred workers in three randomly selected insurance companies in Lagos State. All workers present at work on the day of the survey were given the questionnaires to fill. All questionnaires were filled independently and collected immediately after they had been filled. Data was collated and analyzed using Epi info software version 6. Most of the respondents (83%) were of the opinion that HIV positive persons were being unfairly treated in the society and almost all of them (93%) believed that they did not deserve such treatment. However up to 25% of them felt that an employer had the right to deny a person employment solely based on his/her HIV status and up to 15% believed that HIV positive persons should be isolated. Fortyfour percent of respondents would not share an office computer with a known HIV positive coworker, 47.7% would not share the same eating utensils and 55.9% would not share the same toilet with a known HIV positive co-worker. Similarly, up to 64% felt that there should be separate dining facilities for HIV positive persons and almost 60% felt that there should be separate toilet facilities for HIV positive persons. This was despite the fact that over 95% of the respondents were aware that HIV could not be transmitted by such means. Almost a quarter (23.5%) of the respondents would not openly associate with known HIV positive persons. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex, income, ethnicity or religion and the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (p>0.05) however educational level was found to be significantly associated with the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (P<0.05). The findings of this study highlight the need for special emphasis on HIV-related stigma and discrimination as a vital part of HIV awareness campaigns in the work place.
  • Item
    Open Access
    HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination in the workplace: A study among workers in a corporate setting in Lagos state.
    (. Nigerian Hospital Practice, 2010-09) Odukoya, OO; Osibogun, AO; Onajole, AT; Odeyemi, KA; Oridota, ES; Balogun, MR
    One of the greatest health problems threatening the human race is the HIV/AIDS pandemic. HIV/AIDS stigma and its related discrimination is a major constraint to the prevention and control of HIV. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a selective impact on young men and women who constitute the main stay of the workforce. This study aims to assess the opinion of workers in a corporate setting regarding HIVrelated stigma and discrimination and their attitudes towards HIV positive persons in the workplace. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out. Asemi-structured, self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was filled by four hundred workers in three randomly selected insurance companies in Lagos State. All workers present at work on the day of the survey were given the questionnaires to fill. All questionnaires were filled independently and collected immediately after they had been filled. Data was collated and analyzed using Epi info software version 6. Most of the respondents (83%) were of the opinion that HIV positive persons were being unfairly treated in the society and almost all of them (93%) believed that they did not deserve such treatment. However up to 25% of them felt that an employer had the right to deny a person employment solely based on his/her HIV status and up to 15% believed that HIV positive persons should be isolated. Fortyfour percent of respondents would not share an office computer with a known HIV positive coworker, 47.7% would not share the same eating utensils and 55.9% would not share the same toilet with a known HIV positive co-worker. Similarly, up to 64% felt that there should be separate dining facilities for HIV positive persons and almost 60% felt that there should be separate toilet facilities for HIV positive persons. This was despite the fact that over 95% of the respondents were aware that HIV could not be transmitted by such means. Almost a quarter (23.5%) of the respondents would not openly associate with known HIV positive persons. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex, income, ethnicity or religion and the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (p>0.05) however educational level was found to be significantly associated with the decision to openly associate with HIV positive persons. (P<0.05). The findings of this study highlight the need for special emphasis on HIV-related stigma and discrimination as a vital part of HIV awareness campaigns in the work place.
  • Item
    Open Access
    The knowledge and attitudes of women regarding Humanpapillomavirus and it's vaccine in Lagos State
    (2011) Ogunyemi, AO; Odukoya, OO; Odeyemi, KA
    Texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Knowledge and attitude to exclusive breastfeeding in Ikosi District of Ikosi-Isheri Local Government Area, Lagos State
    (Nigeria Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2011) Olatona, F.A.; Odeyemi, K.A.
    Background: Infant malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. Objective: To determine the knowledge and attitude of women to exclusive breastfeeding in Ikosi district of Ikosi/Isheri Local Government Area. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that employed a multistage sampling technique to select four hundred female participants. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. A woman was included if she was within the reproductive age group and her last confinement was not more than five years Results: Awareness was high (98.3%) but only about one third (39%) had good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Almost all respondents (98.8%) felt that breastfeeding was important. The majority (73.3%) believed that breast milk alone is sufficient for the baby in the first six months of life while more than half (61%) believed in the appropriateness of breastfeeding in public. Conclusion: Given that a relatively high proportion of women had positive attitudes despite the poor knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, public enlightenment and continued health education especially in the antenatal clinics are pertinent to maternal and childcare to attain the recommendation of 90% practice in developing countries.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Methodological issues in treatment adherence studies
    (North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012) Upadhyay, RP; Jarhyan, P; Odukoya, OO
    We read the article titled “Medication Adherence and Its Determinants Among Patients on Concomitant Tuberculosis and Antiretroviral Therapy in South West Ethiopia,” published in North American Journal of Medical Sciences 2012, Vol. 4, Issue 2, page 67–71, with immense interest.[1] The article gives an insight into the adherence pattern to medications in patients suffering from HIV/ AIDS and TB comorbidity. However, we have quite a few comments and observations regarding the methodology adopted in the study. The authors have talked of “optimal adherence,” but there is no mention about the operational definition of adherence that was employed in the study. Moreover, adherence documented was “self-reported.” This might have led to misclassification and an underestimation of the nonadherence to treatment. An assessment of both self-reported adherence and observation of blister packs/medicine foils should have been done. This might have also helped to see if the two correlated well. Further, 24 seems so small a number for much meaningful analyses. The researchers should have calculated the required sample size a priori. It would also have been better if the researchers had looked into the adherence levels taking into account the “time since initial diagnosis,” as has been done previously in other studies.[2] The association between the phase of the TB drug treatment (intensive or continuation) and adherence is another important aspect, which the authors have missed in this study.[3] Going by the finding that 75% of the participants were aware of the fact that missing the doses can lead to treatment failures, it would have been much appreciated if the researchers had analyzed whether the adherence to treatment differed between those who had awareness and those who did not have. Also, social desirability bias is possible while determining the relation with physician. Since the question was asked by the service provider, the patients were probably more likely to answer positively to such question. We would like to conclude with the statement that more methodologically rigorous studies should be carried out to document the magnitude of the problem of nonadherence to medication and urgent evidence-based interventions need to be implemented to combat this issue.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Effects of health education on knowledge and attitude of youth corps members to sickle cell disease and its screening in Lagos State.
    (Omics Publishing Group, 2012) Olatona, F.A.; Odeyemi, K.A.; Onajole, A.T.; Asuzu, M.C.
    ackground: Sickle cell disease remains a significant public health problem especially in Nigeria where there is low level of knowledge, poor attitudes to the disease and prevalence (at birth) is 20 per 1000 births. This study was carried out to determine the effect of health education programme on the knowledge and attitudes to sickle cell disease and its screening among unmarried NYSC members in Lagos State. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study. Multistage sampling technique was used to determine 239 respondents in the intervention and 212 in the control groups. Baseline information was followed by health education programme on sickle cell disease and screening; after which genotype screening was offered free of charge for willing participants in the intervention group. Three months later, post intervention data using the same questionnaire was collected from both groups. Results: At baseline, the proportion of the respondents who had good level of knowledge was low (25%), while the attitudes of the respondents were positive to most aspects of the disease considered. Post- intervention, the level of knowledge of sickle cell disease increased (64.1%), attitudes improved in most aspects considered and the proportion who knew their genotypes increased (11.9%) significantly only in the intervention group. Conclusion: Health education of youth corps members was significantly effective in improving their level of knowledge, attitude to sickle cell disease and screening uptake. Sustained health education through school curriculum, mass media and health institutions is relevant to influence new graduates to have better knowledge and attitudes towards sickle cell disease; hence enable them to make informed decisions about pro-creation later in life.
  • Item
    Open Access
    HIV/AIDS training of traditional birth attendants in Southwest Nigeria
    (Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2012) Balogun, M; Odeyemi, K; Ogunsola, F; Adebajo, S
    Traditional birth attendants (TBAs), if given additional skills, can be used effectively in program implementation and contribute significantly to reaching women who deliver outside health facilities with Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services. In this quasi-experimental study, multistage sampling method was used to select the intervention and control communities and all registered TBAs were recruited for the study. Following the preintervention interviewer-administered questionnaire survey, an HIV/AIDS training program was conducted for the intervention group. Post-intervention questionnaire administration was done after six months. At baseline, only 10.4% (7/67) and 4.9% (2/41) of respondents in the intervention and control groups respectively had good level of knowledge about HIV and PMTCT and the practices of HIV counseling of patients and referral of patients for HIV testing were low. The HIV/AIDS training significantly increased the level of knowledge in the intervention group, there was a significant improvement in the practice of HIV counseling of patients in the intervention group and significant improvements in the practice of referral of patients for HIV testing was evident in both groups. HIV/AIDS training succeeded in improving the level of knowledge and some practice of PMTCT of TBAs.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Access to information technology and willingness to receive text message reminders for childhood immunization among mothers attending a tertiary facility in Lagos, Nigeria
    (South African Journal of Child Health, 2012) Balogun, MR; Sekoni, AO; Okafor, IP; Odukoya, OO; Ezeiru, SS; Ogunnowo, BE; Campbell, PC
    Background. Effective communication is imperative for the delivery and receipt of adequate health care services. Aim. To determine access to information technology and willingness to receive short message service (SMS) text message reminders for childhood immunisation services among mothers in Lagos, Nigeria. Method. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, interviews using structured questionnaires were conducted with 399 mothers of children aged <5 years who brought their children to attend the immuno-prophylaxis and child welfare clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital during July and August 2011. Results. The age of the respondents ranged from 16 to 51 years with a mean of 31.1 4.7 years. Almost all (98%) were current owners of mobile phones, 68% had computer access, 66% were current users of the Internet though most used it occasionally and 65% had e-mail addresses. About three-quarters (77%) were willing to receive future SMS reminders about childhood immunisations although 67% preferred telephonic reminders to SMS and only 53% were willing to pay for the reminders. Respondents who were currently married and had at least a post-secondary education were more willing to receive SMS reminders. Conclusion. The mothers had better access to mobile phones than the Internet and were willing to receive SMS immunisation reminders. Future intervention strategies should explore payment mechanisms for SMS reminders, as there is an unwillingness to bear the cost by the respondents.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Cervical cancer awareness and preventive practices: a challenge for female urban slum dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria
    (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2012) Balogun, MR; Odukoya, OO; Oyediran, M; Ujomu, PI
    Cervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer in Nigeria and women of low socio-economic status are at high risk of this condition. A study was conducted on the awareness of cervical cancer, attitude towards the disease and screening practice of women residing in two urban slums of Lagos, Nigeria. It also determined the prevalence of major risk factors for cervical cancer among the women. Multistage sampling was used to select 240 women who were interviewed with a structured questionnaire and data collected was analyzed with Epi-info version 3.5.1 statistical software. Only 10 (4.2%) women in this study were aware of cervical cancer and none of them believed they were at risk of developing the disease. Most (73.3%) were willing to undergo a cervical cancer screening test. Age, education and previous history of vaginal examination were positively associated with willingness to undergo screening (p < 0.05). The respondents had a high prevalence of major risk factors for cervical cancer such as early age at sexual debut, multiple sexual partners and male partner with other female partners. Efforts need to be intensified to increase awareness of this condition and to promote low-cost cervical cancer screening among this underserved population
  • Item
    Open Access
    Practice of exclusive breastfeeding among women in a semi-urban community in Lagos
    (Journal of Clinical Sciences, 2012) Olatona, F.A.; Ekanem, E.E.; Odeyemi, K.A.
    Child mal-nutrition remains a public health problem in developing countries even though breast milk is the most complete form of nutrition for infants. The objectives of this study were to determine the breastfeeding practices, determine the prevalence and the median duration of exclusive breast feeding among mothers in Ikosi district of Ikosi Isheri Local Council Development Area, Lagos. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study which employed a multistage sampling method to select 400 mothers whose last confinement was not more than five years to prevent recall bias. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Epi-Info version 6 computer software. Results Majority (93.8%) of the mothers interviewed were between the ages of 20-39 years. Almost all of them (97%) were married and majority were Yoruba. All the respondents initiated breastfeeding, but only 27.5% of the respondents initiated it within the first one hour. The median duration of breastfeeding was 15.5 months, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 35.3%, while the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 3 months. Almost half (49.6%) of the respondents who did not practice exclusive breastfeeding failed to do so because they added water to the breast milk from birth. Marital status, mother’s attitude to exclusive breastfeeding, husband’s attitude to exclusive breastfeeding, and level of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding all had statistically significant positive association with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in this community (p < 0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was low (35.3%) and the median duration of exclusive breastfeeding among those who attempted it was too short (3 months). Public enlightenment and proper health education on exclusive breastfeeding are still relevant, especially in the antenatal clinic so that mothers can have accurate knowledge about its benefits and learn practically how to practice it. Educated women should be targeted more than in the past and more awareness should be created among husbands
  • Item
    Open Access
    Stigma, medication adherence and coping mechanism among People Living with HIV attending General Hospital, Lagos Island Nigeria
    (African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2012) Sekoni, AO; Obidike, OR; Balogun, MR
    Background: People living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) experience some form of stigma which could lead to poor medication adherence. Objectives: This study assessed the various domains of stigma experienced by PLWHAs attending an HIV clinic at General Hospital, Lagos Island, their medication adherence patterns and their coping mechanisms for ensuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Method: A cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 200 was used. Respondents were selected using systematic random sampling. Interviewers administered structured questionnaires were used to collect information on the domains of stigma. Data was analysed using EPI info . This was followed by a focus group discussion (FGD) with seven participants at the clinic using an interview guide with open-ended questions. Results: Overall, stigma was experienced by 35% of the respondents. Within this group, 6.6%, 37.1%, 43.1% and 98.0% of the respondents reported experiencing negative self image stigma, personalised stigma, disclosure stigma and public attitude stigma respectively. Almost 90% of the respondents were adherent. The FGD revealed that disclosure was usually confined to family members and the coping mechanism for achieving adherence was to put antiretroviral (ARVs) in unlabelled pill boxes. Conclusion: This study found that stigma was low and that the most common domain of stigma experienced was public attitude stigma. Medication adherence of respondents was good as a result of the coping mechanism, which involves putting ARVs in unlabelled pill boxes.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Incidence and characteristics of injuries during the 2011 West Africa Football Akodu Union (WAFU) Nations' Cup
    (African Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012) Akodu, A.K; Owoeye, O.B; Ajenifuja, M; Akinbo, S.R; Olatona, F.A; Ogunkunle, O
    BACKGROUND: Prospective studies on football injuries and their risk factors in the African setting are sparse. Such studies are needed to understand the peculiarities of injuries and hence proffer appropriate intervention for injury prevention in the region. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of match injuries during the 2011 West Africa Football Union (WAFU) cup. METHODS: Team physiotherapists from the participating teams documented all newly incurred injuries on standardised injury report forms using the Federation of International Football Association's (FIFA) Medical Assessment and Research Centre protocols. RESULTS: An overall of 89 injuries were sustained during the tournament, resulting in 9.9 injuries per match or 289 injuries per 1000 player hours. Seventeen (19.1%) of these injuries resulted in loss of competition activity (time-loss), equivalent to 1.9 injuries per match or 55.2 injuries per 1000 player hours. Over three quarters (73; 82%) of injuries were incurred through contact with another player. The lower leg accounted for almost a quarter of all injuries (21; 23.6%) while the knee recorded the highest number of time-loss injuries (5; 29.4%). The most frequent types of injury were contusion (61; 68.5%) and strain (13; 14.6%). CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of injuries during the WAFU cup was much higher than those of other tournaments ever documented but the characteristics of injuries were similar. In order to fully define the nature of injuries and more reliably identify the risk of injury for the establishment of injury prevention strategies that will be appropriate for this region of the world, it is imperative that further systematic injury recording and analysis in African players are carried out.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Sexually transmitted infections: Prevalence, knowledge and treatment practices among female sex workers in a cosmopolitan city in Nigeria.
    (Afr J Reprod Health, 2013) Sekoni, AO; Odukoya, OO; Onajole, AT; Odeyemi, KA
    Sexually transmitted infections constitute economic burden for developing countries, exposure to causative agents is an occupational hazard for female sex workers. Targeted interventions for this population can reduce the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus, but barriers exists which can hinder effective implementation of such programs. This descriptive cross sectional study sought to assess the prevalence, knowledge and treatment practices of sexually transmitted infections among brothel based female sex workers Three hundred and twenty three consenting female sex workers were surveyed using pre tested, interviewer administered questionnaires. More than half of the respondents (54.2%) had poor knowledge of symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. Only 13.9% were aware that sexually transmitted infections could be asymptomatic. The self reported prevalence of symptomatic sexually transmitted infections was 36.5%. About half of those with sexually transmitted infectionss sought treatment in a hospital or health centre while 32.5% from a patent medicine vendor. Most respondents (53.8%) mentioned the perceived quality of care as the main reason for seeking treatment in their chosen place. More of the respondents with good knowledge of sexually transmitted infections reported symptoms compared to those with fair and poor knowledge. The knowledge of sexually transmitted infections among these female sex workers is poor and the prevalence is relatively high. Efforts to improve knowledge promote and encourage preventive as well as effective treatment practices must be made for this population.