UNILAG Journal of Medicine, Science & Technology

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    Open Access
    Development of a Faster Technique for the Speciation of Potentially Toxic Metals in soil
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2013) Oyeyiola, A.O; Hamed, M.O; Odujebe, F.O; Olayinka, K.O; Alo, B.I
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    Open Access
    Comparative Investigation of Orange Juice and Vitamin C on Gene Expression in Neuronal Tissues of Sprague Dawley Rats
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2013) Ebuchi, O.A; Salami, Y; James, A.B; Mgbeadichie, I.N
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    Open Access
    Concurrent Intestinal Parasitoses with Cryptosporidium Species among Parasites with Gastrointestinal Disorder in Lagos, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2013) Ojuromi, O.T; Oyibo, W.A; Oladosu, O.O; Fagbenro-Beyioku, A.F; Ibidapo, C.A; Opedun, D.O; Uhoegbu, O.U
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    Open Access
    Insecticide Resistance Status of Anopheles Gambiae Breeding in Stagnant Water Bodies in Lagos, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2013) Olojede, J.B; Oyibo, W; Oduola, A.O; Oyewole, I.O; Awolola, T.S
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Nequick Model at Lagos, Nigeria using GPS TEC
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2013) Adewale, A.O; Migoya Orue, Y.O; Oyeyemi, E.O
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    The Growth Performance of Oreochromis niloticus Fed Graded Levels of Mussel, Mytilus edulis shell as Possible Replacement for Di-ealcium Phosphate
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2013) Soyinka, O.O; Ifedayo, S.O
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    Open Access
    Wide Crosses in Cowpea: An Appraisal of some Resistance and Susceptible Lines
    (University of Lagos Press and Bookshop, 2013) Bolarinwa, K.A; Ogunkanmi, L.A; Adekoya, K.O; Oboh, B.O; Ogundipe, O.T.
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    Open Access
    Dynamic Response of microbial System of Selected Communities in the Rivers State to Crude Oil (Hydrocarbons) Pollution
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2014) Olanipekun, O.O; Ogunbayo, A.O; Nwachukwu, S.C.U; Bello, R.A
    The activity of indigenous microbial system is a required tool to remediate an environment that has been contaminated by hydrocarbons. This work deals with the dynamic response to crude oil contaminants of undefined microbial systems in three selected communities of the Rivers State of Nigeria. The activities of indigenous (undefined) consortia were studied and compared using Respiratory technique. The soil samples were incubated with 2 % (𝑣𝑣⁄)crude oil in mineral salt medium at 37 oC in three phases of two weeks in a shake flask at 150 rpm. At the end of the last phase, components of the crude oil degraded by the undefined consortia in the soils were identified with the gas chromatographic techniques. The results obtained showed that the consortia from the different soil samples exhibited different degrees of capacities to degrade the crude oil. On the whole, 50.00 to 85.70 % of hydrocarbon components of the crude oil were degraded thus making the areas potentially suitable for in-situ bioremediation. The study has shown that the obtained microbiological characteristics and activities of the soils are adequate for bioremediation technologies.
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    Open Access
    Preponderance of Palmitoleic Acid in Moringa Oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) Seeds and Leaves from Chemical Analysis and Gas Chromatography
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2014) Odimegwu, J.I; Ayodiran, S; Odukoya, O.A
    Moringa oleifera is the most widespread species of the genus Moringa, the only genus in the family Moringaceae. It is a very popular plant used in traditional herbal medicine. Different parts of the plant contain a profile of important minerals and phytochemicals. The leaves and seeds are good sources of proteins, vitamins, beta-carotene, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. Study was carried out to check chemical constituents of leaves and seed oil of M. oleifera obtained from Ikorodu, Lagos State. Nigeria. Dried plant parts were pulverized and subjected to proximate analysis while the oils were extracted from the seeds with hexane using Sohxlet apparatus and analyzed with gas chromatography. The chemical contents of M. oleifera leaves obtained through proximate analysis showed it had more protein than the seeds with 45.28% protein while the seeds had 40.10%. the most prevalent mineral elements in M. oleifera are magnesium and calcium which were found to be 49.50 and 54.85 (mg/100g) in the seed, 42.80 and 54.95 (mg/100g) in the leaves respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oils showed the presence of various fatty acids and other organic compounds with palmitoleic acid being the most abundant with 48.41% yield of total oils and oleic acid being 11.45% much less than earlier reported. Palmitoleic acid has shown possible influence in fatty liver deposition/production, insulin action and fatty acid synthase. This makes M. oleifera seeds very important new source of natural therapy for hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
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    Open Access
    Modelling of Maternal Health Care Services using Multinomial Logistic Regression
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2014) Adewara, J.A; Ogunniran, A.J; Onyeka-Ubaka, J.N
    Several methods which have been adopted to analyze multi-category data yields unsatisfactory results because of strict assumptions regarding normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity. As a result, Multinomial logistic regression is considered as an alternative because it does not assume normality, linearity, or homoscedasticity (Hosmer & Lemeshow, (2000)). The study attempted to use Maximum likelihood estimation and predicted probability to model Maternal Health Care Services data based on a set of explanatory variables. Also to determine the indices that affect Mortality rate. The result shows that wealth index has a significant impact on the use of public and private health delivery facilities. Educational level, antenatal care, assistance during delivery and place of residence are also important factors in assessing Maternal Health Care Services. Finally, the study revealed that educated women, who are wealthy, living in urban areas and who received antenatal care services and assistance during delivery are more likely to utilize Maternal Health Care Services (MHCS)
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    Open Access
    Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effects of Aloe Vera Gel on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Animal Models
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2014) Edom, J.J; Imaga, N.O; Obomniru, G.E; Oyadina, O
    Aloe vera gel (AVG) extract is commonly used as a home remedy for some diseases, including diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the effects of pure Aloe vera (Aloe babardensis) gel on some biochemical, haematological and histological parameters in diabetic rats. The animals were divided into six groups of six rats each (n=6). Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (170 mg/kg BW.) following a 12 h fasting period. The Groups I and V received isotonic saline in a similar manner. The establishment of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels above 350mg/dl using a GlucoMetre (AccuChek Active). The AVG extract was administered for 14 days along with the metformin and alloxan drugs administered. Blood samples were collected from fasted rats. The effect of AVG on fasting blood biochemical, haematological and oxidative stress parameters in the liver and histological examination of the liver, kidney and pancreas were evaluated. Results indicated a decrease in glucose level in the AVGtreated group and an improvement in the lipid profile, as well as some haematological parameters. In addition, oral administration of Aloebarbadensis gel decreased the level of MDA with a corresponding increase in the activities of CAT, SOD, GST and GSH levels in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. These results suggest potent hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and therapeutic effects of Aloe, beneficial as a herbal remedy for the treatment/management of diabetes mellitus.
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    Open Access
    Pattern of Ordering and Usage of Homologous Blood Transfusion for Major Elective Maxillofacial Surgery at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2014) Ayodele, A.O; Ogunlewe, M.O; Gbotolorun, O.M; Abiola, A.O; Adeyemo, W.L.
    Justification for the requests for homologous blood that accompany major elective maxillofacial surgical procedures is difficult to establish in most cases. This attitude of ordering for cross-matched blood is understandable in today's legal climate, but has led to serious problems in terms of laboratory inefficiency which can no longer be ignored. To evaluate the pattern of ordering and use of homologous blood, and transfusion ratios for major elective maxillofacial surgeries at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba Lagos. Sixty-three consecutive subjects who required major elective maxillofacial surgery under general anaesthesia, and who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data collected included age, sex, weight, and height of subjects, type of surgery done, preoperative and intraoperative haemoglobin concentration, blood units cross-matched and units transfused intraoperatively. Each subject was made to donate through a representative donor, at least one unit of homologous blood prior to surgery. There was a male predominance (57.1%) among subjects, with male to female ratio of 1.3 : 1. Mean age of subjects was 33.9 ± 13.5 years. O+ was the most predominant blood group (62%). Tumours (58.8%), were the most common indication for surgery. Majority of subjects (95.2%), had a preoperative haemoglobin concentration of ≥ 10 g/dl. Haemoglobin concentration at the point of transfusion was ˂ 10 g/dl for 58.8% of transfused subjects. The overall cross-match to transfusion ratio was 3.35, overall probability of transfusion was 26.9%, while the overall transfusion index was 0.6. Only oncological surgical procedures showed an efficient blood usage in all the 3 indices. This study also demonstrated that only onclogical surgical procedures have an indication for cross-matching of blood for surgery, however there is a need to determine the maximum surgical blood ordering schedule for these procedures. There is therefore the need to change the blood ordering pattern, and minimize over-ordering of blood for major elective maxillofacial surgery.
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    Open Access
    A Linguistic Fuzzy Expert System for Contagious Diseases Detection and Isolation
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2014) Osigbemeh, M.S; Ogunwolu, F.O; Omoare, A.A; Inyiama, H.C
    This paper presents an electronic Expert system platform to detect and diagnose existing and new cases of contagious diseases as they occur with minimal contact with the index patient(s) and healthcare personnel with a confidence level that can be used to initiate or suggest appropriate follow-up action(s). The aim is to use ICT tools for patient-diagnosis, raise a red flag in real-time and thus contain contagious cases which may degenerate into an epidemic by providing a way to analyze vague and ambiguous input data from visible and reported symptoms in patients. A re-useable Expert system which makes use of fuzzy reasoning techniques and design methodology was used in this work. The Expert system is premised on rule-based fuzzy logic which captures the ambiguity, imprecision and nuances involved in disease reporting and detection using the Mamdani model. The software developed for the Fuzzy Expert system, called SOSIC, presents its diagnosis with fuzzy values between 0 to 1 corresponding to its level of confidence for the fuzzy inputs. The current approach to e-diagnosis and detection of contagious diseases using the SOSIC software is not completely contactless, thus ongoing investigations are geared towards improving SOSIC to be contactless. The developed system which runs on a computer system provides a safe procedure with minimum contact between patients and healthcare personnel to address early detection and diagnosis issues that may help forestall chain-infection and epidemics. The fuzzy based Expert system can be further extended to accommodate the detection of a wider array of symptoms as new cases arise; thus this paper fulfils an identified need in safe healthcare practice.
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    Open Access
    Table of Content
    (2014) Journal of Medicine, Science & Technology
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    Open Access
    Water Quality Characteristics and Phytoplankton Diversity around a Domestic Waste Polluted Site in Lagos Lagoon
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Onyema, I.C
    The water quality characteristics and phytoplankton at a domestic waste polluted site at Oworonsoki, Lagos Lagoon in relation to environmental factors were investigated for six months (October, 2012 – March, 2013). The water quality characteristics showed monthly variation linked to hydrological flow conditions, namely the rainfall pattern and tidal seawater inflow. Air temperature (28.3 – 32˚C), Water temperature (29 - 31˚C), Transparency (12.95 – 101.5cm), Total suspended solid (8 – 35mg/L), Total dissolved solid (553.0 – 20712.66mg/L), Conductivity (1069.0 – 31100.0µS/cm), Salinity (0.50 – 17.11 %), Acidity (4.9 – 6.3mg/L), Total hardness (102.0 – 3811.0 mg/L), Dissolved oxygen (4.8 – 5.2 mg/L), Chemical oxygen demand (14 – 23 mg/L) recorded higher values in the dry than in the wet season. High nutrients, especially nitrates and heavy metal levels between December and February points to the inflow of domestic wastes. The water quality characteristics reflected freshwaters situation in October and November (0.52 – 0.82 ‰) while December through March were increasingly brackish (9.42 – 17.11 %). The phytoplankton diversity (S) and abundance (N) were notably higher in the dry than the wet season. The phytoplankton spectrum (Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta) were dominated by the Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) (93.47% - Centrales – 69.77 % and Pennales – 30.23%). Notable species of were Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima, Odontella laevis, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Skeletonema coastasum, Chaetoceros convolutes, Bacillaria paxillifer, Gyrosigma balticum, Nitzschia sigmoidea, Synedra crystallina, Thalasiothrix fraunfeldii, Synedra ulna, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria limnosa. The phytoplankton diversity at each time was reflective of the water chemistry situation. Comparatively, low phytoplankton diversity, and the occurrence of indicators of organic waste pollution are noteworthy.
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    Open Access
    Relevance of Intestinal Helminth Parasites of parachanna obscura and sarotherodon melanotheron on Host Metal Accumulation in Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Kuton, M; Akinsanya, B; Saliu, J.K; Ukwa, U.D
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    Open Access
    Levels of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Biotic Components of the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Alani, R.A; Oladapo, T.S
    High concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in a marine environment such as the Lagos Lagoon demands great attention since this Lagoon serves as a major source of sea foods to the people of lagos and its environs. This work examined the levels of OCs in both biotic and abiotic components of Lagos Lagoon. Surface water, sediment, zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic invertebrates and fishes from four locations on Lagos lagoon were analysed for OCs using gas chromatograph equipped with Ni Electron capture detector. The concentrations were as follows: sum BHC (Benzene Hexachloride) 1777.80µg/kg, heptachlor epoxide (1134.39µg/kg), sum DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) 207.13µg/kg, methoxychlor 85.43µg/kg, chlorothalonil 83.84µg/kg, heptachlor 69.89µg/kg, aldrin 223.87µg/kg, endosulfan1 11.09µg/kg, di-eldrin 46.50µg/kg, endosulfan2 16.59µg/kg, endrin 16.23µg/kg endosulfan sulfate 3.95µg/kg, γ-cyhalothrin 53.65µg/kg. The high concentrations of DDT and BHC suggested their recent usage in the study area or recent transport through rivers and canals that discharge into the lagoon. Sediment was found to have the highest percentage OCs of 78.08%, water had the lowest of only 0.09%, phytoplankton/zooplankton had 5.09%, benthic invertebrate had 8.76% and fishes 7.97%. The percentage distribution indicated the level of transfer as the OCs biomagnified along the aquatic food webs from lower tropic level to higher tropic level.
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    Open Access
    Oral Hygiene Practices of dental House-officers and Residents in a Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Umeizudike, K.A; Ayanbadejo, P.O; Ameh, P.O; Savage, K.O
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    Open Access
    Comparative Study of some Aspects of Biology of Three Mangrove Crabs from the Mangrove Wetland of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Lawal-Are, A.O; Gbewa, M.T
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    Open Access
    Frequency of pheripheral Arterial Disease among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Foot Syndrome in a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
    (University of Lagos Press, Akoka, 2015) Iwuala, S.O; Fasanmade, O.A; Ohwovoriole, A.E
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