Department Of Physics
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The Department provides tutorial and/or research courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels leading to the award of the degrees of Bachelor of Sciences (Honours) (B.Sc.), the Master of Science (M.Sc.), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Physics respectively. Physics is one of the basic experimental physical sciences.
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- ItemOpen AccessAb-initio investigation of the electronic, lattice dynamic and thermodynamic properties of ScCd intermetallic alloy(World Scientific, 2016) Adetunji, B.I; Olayinka, A.S; Fashae, J.B; Ozebo, V.C.; Adebayo, G.AThe electronic structures, lattice dynamics and thermodynamic properties of rare-earth intermetallic ScCd alloy are studied by the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method within the generalized gradient approximation in the framework of density func tional pertubation theory. The band structure, density of states, phonon dispersion frequencies, vibrational free energy Fvib, specific heat capacity CV and entropy are studied between 0 K and 1500 K. Finally, using the calculated phonon density of states, the thermodynamic properties are determined within the quasi-harmonic approximation and a value of 47.9 (J/mol · K) at 300 K for specific heat capacity of ScCd is predicted
- ItemOpen AccessAnalysis and Interpretation of the Ibuji Spring Magnetic Anomaly Using the Mellin Transform(Springer, 2013) Ozebo, V.C.; Ogunsanwo, F.O; Adebayo, G.A; Adeniran, O.JThe Mellin transform is a mathematical tool which has been applied in many areas of Mathematics, Physics and Engineering. Its application in Geophysics is in the computation of solution of potential problems for the determination of the mass as well as the depth to the basement of some solid mineral deposits. In this study, the Mellin transform is used to determine the depth to the top (h) and the depth to the bottom (H) of the basement of a profile of an anomalous magnetic body. Ibuji, the study area is located in Ifedore Local Government area of Ondo state, Nigeria, underlain by Precambrian complex rocks and bounded by geographical co-ordinate of Easting 5 ◦0000000 to 5 ◦4 03000 and Northing 7 ◦2400000 to 7 ◦2703600. The magnetic anomaly profile due to a two– dimensional body(vertical thin sheet)over magnetic spring of the study area was digitised and the values of magnetic amplitude (nT) with respect to its horizontal distance (say interval of 5 m) obtained from the digitized profile was then used in the computation of Mellin transform using Matlab programs. In order to determine the depths H and h, the amplitudes were considered at three arbitrary point (s = 1 4 , 1 2 and 3 4 ) such that, (0 < s < 1), where s is a complex variable of real positive integer. The value obtained for H was 47.95 m, which compared favourably with the result obtained using other methods. Meanwhile, the value obtained for h has a convergence restriction, whereby, at lower values of s, there is divergence, while at higher values of s, (about 0.9), the result converges and h was obtained to be 32.56 m. The Ibuji magnetic anomaly was therefore analysed to have a depth to the bottom (H) of 47.95 m and depth to the top of 32.56 m using this mathematical tool
- ItemOpen AccessAnalysis of Physical Parameters of Limestone Deposits in Ewekoro Formation, Southwestern Nigeria(Canadian Centre of Science and Education, 2012) Olurin, O.T; Badmus, B.S; Akinyemi, O.D; Olowofela, J.A; Ozebo, V.C.; Ganiyu, S.APhysical parameters of limestone in Ewekoro formation, south-western Nigeria were determined via direct laboratory method. The permeability and bulk density values obtained range from 1.47 to 7.99 1 ms and 1.26 to 1.90 3 gcm respectively. The resistivity values of the limestone samples collected from the study site were obtained by laboratory direct method and the result revealed that the resistivity values fall within 6 and 171 km . These values correlate favorably with the results obtained from electrical resistivity method of geophysical prospecting of the study area. The two approaches showed a good degree of correlation in the resistivity value of the limestone and their varying qualities. This research work further showed the occurrence of vast deposit of limestone, which can be of economic importance in mining and for industrial purposes.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of groundwater contamination around active dumpsite in Ibadan southwestern Nigeria using integrated electrical resistivity and hydrochemical methods.(Springer, 2016) Ganiyu, S.A; Badmus, B.S; Oladunjoye, M.A; Aizebeokhai, A.P; Ozebo, V.C; Idowu, O.A; Olurin, O.TInvestigation of groundwater contamination due to leachate migration in a solid waste disposal site wasdone using both geophysical and hydrochemical methods.The main goals were to delineate groundwater contami nation due to leachate percolation and thus assessment of quality of groundwater from nearby hand-dug wells bor dering the dumpsite for drinking purpose. A total of ten resistivity traverses were acquired within and outside the.dumpsite using Wenner configuration with constant elec trode separation ranging from 5 to 25 m. The 2D resistivity data were processed and inverted using RES2DINV and RES3DINV softwares, respectively. Geochemical assess ment of groundwater samples were carried out according to.APHA standards while hydrochemical facies of the sam pled groundwater was evaluated using Piper Trilinear software. The inverse resistivity models of the subsurface from 2D and 3D imaging revealed low resistivity value less than 10 X m suspected to be leachate while 3D inverse sections allowed delineation of leachate, weathered layer, bedrock and seepage path from the dumpsite. The extent of migration was more pronounced in the southern part of the dumpsite, hence possible contamination of shallow groundwater system as dumpsite ages. The results of physico-chemical analyses showed the groundwater sam ples to be within the limits of WHO/NSDWQ for drinking purpose. However, higher values of concentrations of most analyzed parameters were noticed in well 1 due to its nearness to dumpsite and well 10 due to agricultural activities, respectively. Interpretation of Piper diagram showed CaHCO3 to be dominant facie in the area while alkaline earth metals (Ca2þ; Mg2þ) and weak acids (HCO3 -, CO3 -) are dominant cations and anions during both climatic seasons. Groundwater in the study area is of hard, fresh and alkaline in nature
- ItemOpen AccessA case Study of Depth of Fresh / Salt Water Interface Using Values of Freshwater Heads in Groundwater of Variable Density(World wide Web of Geotechnical Engineers, 2012) Adegoke, J.A; Owoeye, O.I; Ozebo, V.C.Almost two thirds of the world's population lives within 400 km of the ocean shoreline; just over half live within 200 km, an area only taking up 10% of the earth's surface. As the world's population continues to grow at an alarming rate, fresh water supplies are constantly being depleted, bringing with it issues such as saltwater intrusion and increasing the importance of groundwater monitoring, management, and conservation. Constant monitoring of the fresh/salt water interface is necessary for proper management of ground water resources. This work studies the variation in the depth of fresh/salt water interface using different values of freshwater heads extracted from heads in coastal groundwater system near The Hague, Netherlands along sections P-DD. Results showed that high density difference between freshwater and saltwater has little effect on the depth of fresh/saltwater interface
- ItemOpen AccessCharacterisation and mapping of land subsidence based on geodetic observations in Lagos(Elsevier, 2020) Ikuemonisan, F.E; Ozebo, V.CThe pervasive seasonal flooding, aquifer contamination, and saline water intrusion in parts of Lagos are some of the long-term effects of land subsidence caused by the excessive groundwater exploitation and land reclamation that has been taking place in the city. Efforts to monitor the extent and pattern of land deformation will help in many ways to mitigate the effects of flooding and other geohazards associated with land subsidence. In this study, we characterised and mapped the land subsidence in the Lagos city based on the analyses of geodetic data, which included Global Positioning Satellite (GPS), Envisat, Sentinel-1, and GRACE data. We applied the SBAS technique to the Envisat and Sentinel-1 datasets ac quired from 2004e2011 and 2015e2019, respectively, and to perform multi-temporal analyses and produce corresponding subsidence maps over the Lagos city. The GRACE data were used to infer the extent and trend of groundwater changes at the GPS location. The results indicate that the subsidence is a widespread phenomenon in Lagos city, with subsidence rates varying between 2 mm/year and 87 mm/year. The highest subsidence rate was observed around the coastal zones and areas where heavy structures are built on landfills. With the highest rate at present, subsidence has gradually increased in the last 15 years. With the development of indiscriminate groundwater exploitation, urbanization, and rapid population growth, the subsidence rate in Lagos city is likely to rise significantly in the coming years, which, in turn, may further escalate the flood rate and other associated geohazards.
- ItemOpen AccessCharacterisation and mapping of land subsidence based on geodetic observations in Lagos(Elsevier, 2020) Ikuemonisan, F.E; Ozebo, V.C.The pervasive seasonal flooding, aquifer contamination, and saline water intrusion in parts of Lagos are some of the long-term effects of land subsidence caused by the excessive groundwater exploitation and land reclamation that has been taking place in the city. Efforts to monitor the extent and pattern of land deformation will help in many ways to mitigate the effects of flooding and other geohazards associated with land subsidence. In this study, we characterised and mapped the land subsidence in the Lagos city based on the analyses of geodetic data, which included Global Positioning Satellite (GPS), Envisat, Sentinel-1, and GRACE data. We applied the SBAS technique to the Envisat and Sentinel-1 datasets ac quired from 2004e2011 and 2015e2019, respectively, and to perform multi-temporal analyses and produce corresponding subsidence maps over the Lagos city. The GRACE data were used to infer the extent and trend of groundwater changes at the GPS location. The results indicate that the subsidence is a widespread phenomenon in Lagos city, with subsidence rates varying between 2 mm/year and 87 mm/year. The highest subsidence rate was observed around the coastal zones and areas where heavy structures are built on landfills. With the highest rate at present, subsidence has gradually increased in the last 15 years. With the development of indiscriminate groundwater exploitation, ur banization, and rapid population growth, the subsidence rate in Lagos city is likely to rise significantly in the coming years, which, in turn, may further escalate the flood rate and other associated geohazards. © 2020 Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, etc. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
- ItemOpen AccessCharacterization of Dendrimers for Photonic Applications(2013) Oyebola, O.O; Sieradzan, ANonlinear optical (NLO) materials are well suited for photonic applications as well as the development of optical communication devices. The nonlinear optical response of these materials is a result of the absence of an optical center of symmetry. Such materials usually produce higher orders of optical harmonics. Using dendrimersamples available from a Michigan-based company – Dendritic Nano-Technology (DNT), the ability of dendrimers to produce higher optical harmonics have been studied using spectroscopic techniques. The production of second harmonic signals in these dendrimer species indicates that they do not possess a center of symmetry, and confirms their suitability for nonlinear optical applications.
- ItemOpen AccessComparison between ground measured and satellite estimates of downward longwave radiation at Ilorin, Nigeria(MAUSAM, 2019-07) Obot, N.IOne of the useful factors for appraising the total energy budget of the earth’s surface is downward longwave radiation (DLR). Though satellite-derived data are plenteous and are often used in atmospheric studies, however, its conformity with the rare ground measurements is essential. In this work, ground measured and satellite-derived DLR data for about five years from September 1992 to August 1994 and June 1995 to April 1998 in Ilorin (8.50° N, 4.55° E), Nigeria were compared, using two main statistical measures of correlation coefficient and the t-test. Furthermore, the mean relative percentage deviation (E%) was also used to determine the monthly parity between both data sets. The seasonal patterns of both sets of data were similar but had inherent slight differences and E% produced good monthly fits expect once in 57 months, which was in June 1996. That enormous deviation was also detected graphically. Correlation coefficient values were high during the dry seasons but low during the rainy seasons and the t-test sometimes showed statistical significance between both data sets. Most times, the seasonal patterns of satellite-derived data match ground truth except in an extreme case of remarkable deviation from normal in the ground measured data. Using satellite-derived data is recommended unless precision is required and short duration of data is not an issue.
- ItemOpen AccessComparison between observed ionospheric foF2 and IRI-2001 predictions over periods of severe geomagnetic activities at Grahamstown, South Africa(Elsevier Ltd, 2010) Adewale, Adekola; Oyeyemi, Elijah; Ofuase, U.The observed ionospheric F2 critical frequency (foF2) values over a South Africa mid-latitude station, Grahamstown, (geographic coordinates: 33.3 S, 26.5 E), were analysed and compared with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, using the CCIR (Comite ´ Consultatif International des Radio communications) and URSI (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale) coefficients, during four geomagnetically disturbed days in the year 2000. These days are April 5, May 23, August 10 and September 15. The data were analysed for five days around the storm day. Comparisons between the IRI-2001 predicted foF2 values, using both CCIR and URSI coefficients and the observed values are shown with their root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the relative deviation module mean (rdmm) for the various storm periods. The CCIR option performed more accurately than the URSI option. In general, the model generates good results when compared with observed foF2 values during geomagnetic storms, although some improvements are still necessary to be implemented in order to obtain better predictions.
- ItemOpen AccessComparison between observed ionospheric foF2 and IRI-2001 predictions over periods of severe geomagnetic activities at Grahamstown, South Africa(Advances in Space Research, 2010) Adewale, Adekola; Oyeyemi, Elijah; Ofuase, UcheThe observed ionospheric F2 critical frequency (foF2) values over a South Africa mid-latitude station, Grahamstown, (geographic coordinates: 33.3 S, 26.5 E), were analysed and compared with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, using the CCIR (Comite´Consultatif International des Radio communications) and URSI (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale) coefficients, during four geomagnetically disturbed days in the year 2000. These days are April 5, May 23, August 10 and September 15. The data were analysed for five days around the storm day. Comparisons between the IRI-2001 predicted foF2 values, using both CCIR and URSI coefficients and the observed values are shown with their root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the relative deviation module mean (rdmm) for the various storm periods. The CCIR option performed more accurately than the URSI option. In general, the model generates good results when compared with observed foF2 values during geomagnetic storms, although some improvements are still necessary to be implemented in order to obtain better predictions.
- ItemOpen AccessComparisons of observed ionospheric F2 peak parameters with IRI-2001 predictions over South Africa(Elsevier Ltd, 2009) Adewale, Adekola; Oyeyemi, Elijah; McKinnell, Lee-AnneThe monthly means of the ionospheric F2 peak parameters (foF2 and hmF2) over three stations in South Africa (Grahamstown,33.31S, 26.51E, Madimbo, 22.41S, 26.51E, and Louisvale, 28.51S, 21.21E) were analyzed and compared with IRI-2001, using CCIR (Comite´ Consultatif International des Radio communications)and URSI (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale coefficients)options. The analysis covers a few selected quiet and disturbed days during various seasons represented by the months of January, April, July and October 2003. IRI-2001 generally over estimates hmF2 for both quiet and disturbed days and it over estimates and underestimates foF2 at different times for all the stations. In general, foF2 is predicted more accurately by IRI-2001 than hmF2, and on average, the CCIR option performed better than the URSI option when predicting both foF2 and hmF2. In general, the model generates good results, although some improvements are still necessary to be implemented in order to obtain better predictions. There are no significant differences in the model predictions of hmF2 and foF2 for quiet and disturbed days.
- ItemOpen AccessConcentration Dependent Studies on the Laser-Induced Mid-Infrared Emission from KCl-NaCl Tablets(Photonics Society of Poland, 2011-12-31) Oyebola, O; Hommerich, U; Brown, E; Clayton, S.C yang; Trivedi, S.B; Samuels, A.C; Snyder, A.PLaser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique for determining the elemental composition of a chemical substance [1].Pumping with ab064nm Nd:YAG pulse laser, mid- infrared emissions from LIBS plasma produced from KCl were examined between 2.0μm and 4.5μm, with atomic emission lines observed at 2.72μm, 3.15μm, 3.77μm and 4.05μm for potassium, consistent with NIST atomic spectra database. With further focus on the 2.72μm emission, detection limit studies were carried on different concentration samples of KCl_NaCl mix, to determine the detection limit of potassium (K). A limit of detection of ~0.19wt%/wt wasobtained for potassium in the mid-IR region
- ItemOpen AccessContinuous Permeability Predictions in Heterogeneous Reservoirs using Vshale and microstructure calibrated free-fluid models (a combined study of Niger Delta field and the Tight Gas sandstone of the southern North Sea)(Springer, 2018) Ojo, S.A; Ozebo, V.C.; Olusola, I.O; Olatinsu, O.BThe well-established free-fluid model from NMR technique provides continuous permeability values that closely match with core permeabilities better than most theoretical models especially when it is core calibrated for field specific use. However, only fewwells have NMR logs in a field while marginal fields may not have any due to economic reasons. This study explored means of achieving one of the overriding objectives of most marginal field operators, which is to reduce the overall cost of production to the attainable minimum. The free-fluid model was modified into two simple and cost-effective models in order to optimize its applicability to predict permeability in the absence of NMR data. The two new models, which were developed for the single and double porosity systems analyzed in this study, consist of calibration parameters that can be empirically determined to account forvariation in reservoir quality based on the rock type profile per field. A non-matrix parameter, α, was introduced into the modelderived for tight gas sandstone being regarded as a double-porosity formation. This inclusion represents the permeabilitycontribution of natural fractures or any crack-like pores to the different flow units. By using the alternative version to the knownfree-fluid model, continuous permeability curves that match experimental results were predicted without NMR logs.
- ItemOpen AccessDetermined Optimization Technique for Solving Over-Determined Linear Systems(2011-09-28) Akala, A. O; Adepoju, J.A; Adeloye, A.B; Somoye, E.O; Oyebola, O.O; Oyeyemi, E.O; Olopade, M.O; Adewale, A.O; Yinka-Banjo, C; Ojiako, CThis paper presents an optimization technique for solving linear system problems with more number of equations than unknown variables using Euclidean Space theory and least squares method. In view to automating the technique, we developed software in FORTRAN code for a generalized case. The technique was applied to determine the position of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver on the earth surface for arbitrarily positioned twelve GPS satellites. The technique is numerically friendly, and can be conveniently used to simulate problems involving linear systems.
- ItemOpen AccessDownward longwave radiation categories in Nigeria(Elsevier, 2019-07) Obot, N. I.; Chendo, M. A. C.; Oyeyemi, E.O.Downward longwave radiation (DLR) can be regarded as the best meteorological parameter for describing the climate of a region, and it also affects the energy at the surface of the earth. In this study, DLR in Nigeria was categorized using descriptive statistics of 22 years of satellite-derived daily data spanning from July 1983 to June 2005. Also, the Mann Kendall non-parametric test was used to evaluate the long-term trends of the radiation. The country can be split into three DLR zones (northern, mid and coastal regions). On average, the northern regions are generally characterised by low radiation with large variations in DLR showing that the regions have harsh weather conditions. The southern coastal regions on the other hand are found to be characterised by high radiation levels with small variations, which implies that their climate is relatively stable. The mid regions between the far north and southern coastal regions have moderate radiation levels, with corresponding moderate ranges. Across Nigeria, heavy rainfall locations have high DLR and latitude is the best geographical parameter that consistently influences most categories of DLR. Also, longitude has slight inverse variation with daily mean DLR, probably reflecting the decreasing strength of the south easterly wind that flows toward the longitudinal east during the rainy season. Around locations of neighbouring latitudes, water body influences DLR more than elevation. At 95% confidence level, annual and rainy seasons decreasing significant trends for DLR were found in the northern parts of the study area. DLR variations with season, latitude, elevation, and closeness to water bodies were confirmed. In conclusion, parameters such as latitude, elevation, longitude (or wind direction), water bodies and rainfall, that when varying would affect atmospheric water vapour, temperature and cloudiness, in turn influence DLR.
- ItemOpen AccessElectromagnetic Modeling With Wave Tilt And Reflection Coefficient: An Application to Stratified Earth Media Using Radio And Low Frequencies(Journal of Geophysics & Engineering: Institute of Physics (IOP), U.K., 2006) Olowofela, J.A.; Ozebo, V.C.Many models using electromagnetic sounding techniques have been formulated for use in exploration activities. In deriving the governing equations for the models, Maxwell’s equations are used and the earth is taken as a layered medium. Using these boundary conditions, the Sommerfeld integrals are obtained for several models. However, the difficulties and limitations posed by the iterations of the functions, especially the strong oscillations and slow convergence of the Bessel function, call for a search for new methods. This work aims to formulate models, with the advantage of bypassing the problems highlighted above, and to discover new response parameters not considered by the older models due to the limitations of time. Three measurable field parameters, (1) amplitude of the correction factor to the wave tilt, (2) phase of the amplitude of the correction factor to the wave tilt and (3) reflection coefficient, were calculated from this model with various conductivity contrasts over a two-layered earth. Two cases of a top layer overlying a more conductive basement and a more conductive top layer overlying a resistive basement were considered with a radio frequency of 125 kHz and a low frequency of 10 Hz. The model was tested using data from existing models and was then applied to a homogeneous and a layered earth. Results revealed that the phase of the amplitude of the correction to the wave tilt was found to be most diagnostic of the changes in layer parameters. Also, depths of 20 m and 2000 m were achieved with the two respective frequency values. The reflection coefficient was discovered to be an important parameter for detecting layered earth structures, in addition to other parameters. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes of the reflection coefficient is established.
- ItemOpen AccessEnvironmental protection and management: A need for oil spill survey(2000) Nwakuche, E. EThe problem of oil pollution in various land, Marine and estuarine environments has received considerable scientific attention with respect to the fates and effects of petroleum spills, as well as inherent toxicities to the specific biological and physical ecosystem components and individual species. It is most certain that the incidence of oil spills resulting from tanker traffic, offshore and onshore drilling and associated activities will increase in the years to come as the world's demand for petroleum and petroleum products continues to be on the rise. Drift is a large scale phenomena and is a measure of the movement of the centre of mass of an oil slick. Drift is primarily controlled by wind, waves and surface currents and is independent of the spreading and spill volume. Drift is also strongly influenced by tidal currents. This paper seeks to detail how to improve the management of basic resources (e.g., oil) and the rehabilitation of environmental conditions through the involvement of surveyors. Numerous government agencies have specific functions anti activities related to environmental protection and management. Assembling the environmental components from these agencies requires detailed survey of the environment. The surveyor's details in terms of plans, maps, photographs and database provide a strong centralized control. The surveyor have four major functions in the control of oil pollution: evaluation which involves prospective investigation of the polluted area; research which involves adopting standards through mathematical model, monitoring which involves the impact assessment and information exchange with other professionals.
- ItemOpen AccessAn Estimation of Magnetic Contact Location and Depth of Magnetic Sources in Ilesha, Nigeria, Using Magnetic Gradient Techniques(African Review of Physics, ICTP, Italy, 2015) Ozebo, V.C.; Ogunkoya, C.O.; Makinde, V.; Omeike, M.O.Mapping the subsurface structures in the study area can shed some light on the structural location of mineral deposits, its relation to tectonic instability and the depth of magnetic bodies. This study presents an interpretation of aeromagnetic data at Ilesha, located in Osun State of southwestern Nigeria, to map the subsurface locations of the area The structural interpretation of magnetic data was achieved by applying Horizontal Gradient Method (HGM) and Analytical Signal Method (ASM), an advanced interpretation technique that provides contact locations and depths of magnetic sources. Results of these two methods reveal a two-source depth model. The depth of the deeper magnetic source bodies ranges from 1.46km to 2.55km with an average of 2.01km for ASM, and 2.92km to 5.48km with an average of 4.20km for HGM. These magnetic source bodies were identified with the magnetic basement. The shallower magnetic sources ranging in depth from 0.348km to 1.28km with an average depth of 0.814km for ASM, and 0.478km to 2.50km for HGM could be attributed to near-surface magnetic rocks that intrude into the sedimentary formation
- ItemOpen AccessEvaluation of Aeromagnetic Data of Ilesha Area of Oyo State Nigeria using Analytical Signal (ASM) and Local wavenumber (LWN)(Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, 2017) Ozebo, V.C.; Ogunkoya, C.O.; Layade, G.O; Makinde, V.; Bisilimi, A.LThis paper presents the analysis and interpretation of an aeromagnetic data of Ilesha area, (Sheet 243) sourced from Nigeria Geological Survey Agency. The area is located between 7.5oN and 8.0oN of latitude and longitude 4.5oE to 5.0oE. Two methods: Analytic Signal Method (ASM) and Local wavenumber (LWN) were used. These methods were used to process and analyse the data so as to generate the depth to magnetic sources as well as the source locations. The results obtained showed a shallower depth range limit for ASM between 0.348 km and 1.28 km, which is less than the result of LWN within the range of 0.478 km-1.51 km. The results also revealed more source locations in ASM result in comparison with LWN. The overall results of the methods have revealed the prospect of the lithology of the area for magnetic mineral exploration in the field of applied geophysics. © JASEM
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